North East Zone Cultural Centre - Dimapur
On 23rd March 1985, Late Rajiv Gandhi, former Prime Minister of India made his momentous announcement on the setting up of the Zonal Cultural Centres of India; he said
'It is our endeavour that these seven Centres will represent individually the cultures from the States in their zones and will represent jointly the culture of this nation. Thus a new culture, combining all these cultures, will progress in India. Our heritage will thus be preserved for the coming generations ... If India loses its spirituality, its internal might, then such progress will have no meaning. The Cultural Centres will help strengthen our internal might ... These Centres should help in making the common culture of Indian people reach other people.'
With the diversity of cultures that exist in the country, there are various regional forms and styles but there are also some common characteristics that run through the cultures of the people living in that area although they may speak different languages and may have different historical experiences. Such integrated cultural patterns are discernible in various regions of the country and they serve the purpose of an integrating force.
Emphasizing the importance of the 'Cultural Unity' that characterizes the heritage and its identification at the regional level Seven Zonal Cultural Centres were established in the country in different regions francaises as follows
- North Zone Cultural Centre - Patiala (Punjab)
- Eastern Zonal Cultural Centre - Santiniketan (West Bengal)
- West Zone Cultural Centre - Udaipur (Rajasthan)
- South Zone Cultural Centre - Thanjavur (Tamil Nadu)
- North Central Zone Cultural Centre - Allahabad (Uttar Pradesh)
- South Central Zone Cultural Centre - Nagpur (Maharastra)
- North East Zone Cultural Centre - Dimapur (Nagaland)
The Zonal Cultural Centre of the Northeast India, North East Zone Cultural Centre, registered under the Nagaland Societies Registration Act XXI 1860 (Nagaland First Amendment) Act, 1969 was set up in June 1986 with its headquarters at Dimapur, Nagaland. The 8 (eight) North Eastern States, viz., Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim and Tripura are the constituent States of the North East Zone Cultural Centre. The NEZCC started functioning with the formal inauguration of the Centre by Late Rajiv Gandhi, the then Prime Minister of India on 6th October 1987. The NEZCC has also established its Shilpgram (Crafts Village), at Panjabari, Guwahati which was inaugurated by Dr. Manmohan Singh, Hon'ble Prime Minister of India on January 17, 2006. The management of the Centre is vested in its Governing Body. Supervision, direction and control of the affairs vest in its Executive Board, which is assisted by the Finance Committee, Programme Committee, etc.
The Chairman of the Governing Body and the Executive Board is HE Governor of Nagaland and the Chief Executive Officer of the Centre is the Director.
Chronology of Chairmen of NEZCC
- Gen. K. V. Krishna Rao PVSM (Retd.) - (1986 - 19.07. 1989)
- Dr. L. T. Gopal Singh - (20.07. 1989 - 03.05. 1990)
- Shri. Chintamani Panigrahi - (04.05. 1990 - 08.05. 1990)
- Dr. M. M. Thomas - (09.05. 1990 - 12.04. 1992)
- Shri. Loknath Misra - (13.04. 1992 - 01.10. 1993)
- Lt. Gen. V. K. Nayar, (Retd.) PVSM, SM - (02.10. 1993 - 04.08. 1994)
- Shri. O. N. Srivastava - (05.08. 1994 - 11.11. 1996)
- Shri. Omprakash Sharma - (12.11. 1996 - 27.01.2002)
- Shri. Shyamal Datta - (28.01.2002 - 28.01.2007)
- Shri K. Sankaranarayanan - (01.03. 2007 - 27.07.2009)
- Shri Nikhil Kumar - (28.07.2009 - till date)
Aims and Objectives of NEZCC
(a) To preserve, innovate and promote the projection and dissemination of arts of the Zone under the broad discipline of Sangeet Natak, Lalit Kala and Sahitya;
(b) To develop and promote the rich diversity and uniqueness of various arts of the Zone and to upgrade and enrich consciousness of the people about their cultural heritage;
(c) To lay special emphasis in its activities on the linkages among various areas through evolution of styles and their contribution to the largest composite identity of cultural heritage of India;
(d) To make special efforts to encourage folk and tribal arts and to frame special programme for preservation including documentation and sustaining of the vanishing art forms;
(e) To frame such programmes as would encourage and involve the youth of the Zone amongst themselves and with the youth of the rest of the country in creative cultural communications through the process of seminars, exchanges and workshops on matter relating to cultural heritage of India.
Member States
Arunachal Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh, the 24th State of the Indian Union is known as the “Land of Rising Sun”. Arunachal Pradesh becomes a full-fledged State on February 20, 1987. Till 1972, it was known as NEFA. It was given the Union Territorial status on January 20, 1972 and renamed as Arunachal Pradesh.
Arunachal Pradesh is surrounded by Bhutan in the west, China in the North and North East and Myanmar in the East. Assam and Nagaland States flank its South border. Arunachal is the largest State area wise, in the North East region.
It is a land of lush green forests, deep river valleys and beautiful plateaus. The land is mountainous with Himalayan ranges along the northern borders crossed with mountain ranges running North South. These divide the State into five river valleys viz. the Kameng, the Subansiri, the Siang, the Lohit and the Tirap. The largest valley among them is Siang. Arunachal Pradesh covers an area of 83,743 Sq. Km. and its Capital is Itanagar. Administratively the State is divided into 15 districts, which are as follows.
DISTRICTSHEADQUARTERS
Tawang - Tawang
West Kameng - Bomdila
East Kameng - Seppa
Papum Pare - Yupia
Lower Subansiri - Ziro
Upper Subansiri - Daporijo
West Siang - Along
East Siang - Pasighat
Upper Siang - Yingkiong
Lohit - Tezu
Lower Dibang Valley - Roing
Dibang Valley - Anini
Changlang - Changlang
Tirap - Khonsa
Kurum Kurume - Yangte
IMPORTANT PLACES OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH
Itanagar: The State capital, Itanagar, also known as the land of the DAWN LIT MOUNTAINS, is a beautiful historic city. It has been identified with Mayapur, the capital of the 11th Century A.D. Jitri Dynasty. Itanagar has a beautiful yellow roofed shrine, the new Buddhist Temple. The grounds of the temple afford a good view of Itanagar town.
Ganga Lake: This natural lake, located 6 km away from Itanagar, is a beautiful green forest lake.
Polo Park: It is a beautiful park near by D Sector Naharlagun.
Zoo: The Zoo is situated 18 km from Nahalargun near Banderdewa police check post, provides the visitors beautiful glimpses of uncommon Himalayan fauna.
Bomdila: It is the headquarters of West Kameng district. It stands at a height of over 2530 meter from sea level offering a good view of Himalayan landscape.
Dirang: It lies between Bomdila and Tawang, offering tourists to visit the Apple orchards, sheep breeding farms. A few kilometers from Dirang there is a hot spring where people go for a holy dip and to visit the Kalachakra Gompa.
Tipi: The Orchid Research Centre in West Kameng district, generally known as the Tipi Orchidarium, is a glass house with over 7500 varieties of orchids.
Sela Pass: Located at a height 4,215 meter from sea level. It is bleak and craggy and high altitude lake shimmer crystals blue in clear weather but becomes grey and ominous when clouds hover over the pass.
Ziro: The headquarters of Lower Subansiri district is situated at one end of a narrow valley hemmed in by low, pine-clad hills. Ziro resembles certain parts of Kashmir, it is ideal for trekking and hiking.
Tezu: It is the headquarters of Lohit district. Famous, Parsuram Kund is 20 km away from this town. Parsuram Kund Mela is held during Makar-Sankranti, recalling the legend that Parsuram, one of the incarnations of Lord Vishnu, absolved himself of the sin of matricide by washing his hands in this pool. Pilgrims from all over the country comes here for a holy dip in the Kund with a belief that a dip in the Kund washes away all sins. There is also a large lake called the Glow Lake that can be reached on foot by one day.
Malinithan: The holy shrine is situated at Likabali in the West Siang district. It is an ideal place for the tourists to visit the ruins of a big temple belonging to the 14th-15th century. Akashi-Ganga waterfalls located 5 km from Malinithan. Every year during the month of March/April Basanti Puja held at Malinithan with great enthusiasm and religious gaiety. During the Basanti Puja a big mela which is known as the Malini Mela is also held at Malinithan.
Tawang Monastery: Mountains, overlooking the Tawang Valley surround this world famous monastery. Five hundred Lamas live in its 65 residential buildings and it is rich in ancient scripture, images. The monastery that belongs to the Gelupa or Reformed Sect of Mahayana Buddhist monks is said to be 400 years old.
Pasighat: It is the headquarters of East Siang district. It stands on the right bank of river Siang. Siang is the name of river Brahmaputra in Arunachal. There is a beautiful sanctuary called the Lali Wildlife Sanctuary where wild buffalo, tiger, sambar, deer and wild ducks are found in plenty. It is also an idyllic place for trekking and hiking, river rafting, boating and angling on river Siang.
Daporijo: It is the headquarters of Upper Subansiri district, situated on the right bank of river Subansiri. It is a beautiful village with a beautiful cave located a few meters away.
Along: Along is the headquarters of West Siang district, situated on the south bank of river Siyom. It is famous for Mithun. The Jersey cross breeding farm at Kamki, is 25 km from the village. There is also a beautiful Donyi-polo Dere where Tani groups perform their festivals.
Bhalukpong: Bhalukpong is the headquarters of Bhalukpong Circle. It is famous for the Tipi Orchid Centre, 3 km from here. It offers an idyllic picnic spot on the bank of river Kameng, angling on this river, trekking and hiking.
Miao: Miao is the headquarters of the subdivision Miao. It has a beautiful Zoo. Colorful woolen carpets of various designs of Tibetan types available in this area. The famous Namdapha Park situated in this area. This park has diverse habitats and flora and fauna that are typical of this area. Mithun, elephant, Himalayan black bear, leopards and much other variety of animals and birds are found here.
Zoological Park: Situated about 6 km from Itanagar. It is a miniature zoo famous for Bengal Tigers, Slithering Pythons and Spine Chilling, Crocodiles, Vultures, Peacocks, Monkeys, birds’ etc.
Jawaharlal Nehru State Museum: It is situated at Itanagar. The Museum displays maps of fine art works highlighted the inhabitants, types of houses, festivals, dances, of historical/archaeological and many others. The Museum is also enriched by the portable miniature diorama projecting aspects of life and culture of different tribes besides ethnographic.
FESTIVALS OF ARUNACHAL
Festivals are the mirrors of the people’s culture and most of these festivals are closely connected with their occupation. It is common that Festivals having connection with agriculture are celebrated with ritualistic gaiety either to thank God for the providence or to pray for bumper harvest. Animal sacrifices are also common ritual in most of the festivals. One or the other tribe celebrates such festivals at a larger scale throughout the year. Some of the important festivals of Arunachal Pradesh are:
Tribe- Festivals
Monpas - Losar
Idu Mishmis - Reh
Wanchos - Ojiale
Digaru Mishmis - Tamladu
MijiKhan
Singpho - Sangken
Wancho
Adi-Galo - Mopin
Moklum-Tangsas - Mol
Apatan - iDree
TaginsSi -Donyi
Adi - Solung
Hill-Miris - Buri - Boot
Nocte - Loku
Nishi - Nyokum
Aka Nechi dau
KhowasKshyat-Sowai
BangnisLongte - Yullo
Aka Pachi-Dugo-Doh
Aka - Sarok
Tangsa - Kuh
Adi-Bor- iDongin
Adi-Bokar - Podibarbi
Ojiyele Festival of Wancho
Wanchos celebrate this festival during March-April, for a period of six to twelve days interspersed with prayer, songs and dances. Villagers’ exchange bamboo tubes of rice beer as a mark of greeting and goodwill and pigs’ skin offered to the village chief as a mark of respect. This festival continues with great enthusiasm for many days just sowing of Jhum paddy. Pigs, buffaloes and mithuns are sacrificed and feasts are arranged in each and every morungs (dormitories). Boys and girls in ceremonial colourful costume sings and dance during this festival. People dances around ‘Jangban’ a long ceremonial pole planted for this occasion.
Loku Festival of Nocte
Literal meaning of Loku is to drive out the old season or year. This festival is celebrated (July - August) just after harvesting finger millet. This festival starts with sacrifices of animals for community feasts. The real merry making begins at Chya-Chaam or the starting place for the dance. Male-folk start performing their dances followed by feast and drinks. The dancers also visit the Chief’s house where children, youths and maids perform the dance. At night big bon-fire is lighted round which they continue the dance.
Mol Festival of Thangsa
The Mol is held to signify the final food offering to the dead, and for a bumper crop. During this festival each bereaved family slaughters a pig and offer feast. Villagers visit each other’s houses and enjoy the feast. After dusk, man and women start dancing together rhythmically with the accompanying drums and gongs.
Chang Ken Festival of Singphos
It is the only Singpho’s annual social festival to mark their New Year. On this celebration, along with bathing of the Buddha images, all the villagers gathered to play with water just the same way as ‘Holi’ festival of the Hindus. They sprinkle water on each other and enjoy, after which they share the special rice powder cake prepared for the festival.
Losar Festival of Monpas
Losar is accounted as the New Year festival. The festival is widely celebrated by the Monpas to welcome New Year. During the five days of the festivity prayer are offered for prosperity and good health. The festivities include the hoisting of religious flags atop their homes, visits to the homes of friends and relatives. Holy Buddhist scriptures are read in every home and butter lamps are lit in houses and the campuses. Memba dance is performed during the Losar festival to welcome the guests.
Reh Festival of Idu Mishmis
Idu Mishmis prays before the deities who control the peace and prosperity of the people. Appeasement of the deities who control the peace and prosperity of the people is the thought behind the celebration of the Reh festival. The festival comes to an end with great fan-fare and the performance of priest dance is the special attraction.
Tamladu Festival of Digaru Mishmis
The Digaru Mishmis tribe celebrates this festival by offering prayers to the God of Earth and Waters for protection against natural calamities. The Supreme-Lord Jebmalu, is worshipped for the prosperity and welfare of human beings, standing crops and domestic animals.
Khan Festival of Mijis
Khan is the most popular festival of the Mijis. It is an occasion for the reunion of the people. The most significance of the festival lies in a ceremony whereby the priest ties a piece of wool around everybody’s neck. The belief is that the enchanted thread will bring good luck to each one of them.
Dree Festival of Apatani
It is celebrated every year (July - 3 days) amidst great rejoicing. The festival is held when the young paddy plants have grown lust green after transplantation. During this festival, the goddess of earth and crops are propitiated for a better crop and all round prosperity and welfare of the society. The hallmark of the celebration is their community feasts, drink ‘Ho’ and dance like Pakhu-Itu. Pakhu-Itu dance depicts the games, played between birds and children engaged to protect the seedlings.
Chhekar Festival of Sherdukpen
Chhekar festival is celebrated (May) in a most befitting manner for one week. The Buddhist priests (Lama) performs the ritualistic part of the festival for a happy and prosperous life of the community and also for good harvest.
Longte Yullo Festival of Nishis
Nishis celebrate the Longte Yullo Festival in the month of April. The term Longte - protection and Yullo (rite) is a popular festival, which is mainly concerned with the erection of fencing with wooden posts on the principal path leading to the village.
Torgya Festival of Monpas/Sherdukpen
This is a community festival celebrated (January/February) only at Tawang Monastery. Hence the festival is known as “Tawang Torgya”. The celebration continues for three days with the monastic dances wearing colourful masks of animals. The torgya festivals signify the destruction of evil spirits and harmful forces, and seek to make prosperity and happiness among the people.
Kshyat-Sowai Festival of Khowa
It is community festival lasts for ten days. The festival is celebrated with the help of a local priest (Phati). In each village, there is a particular place known as Suaiba for the celebration of the festival. The Khowas celebrate their popular Kshyat-Sowai amidst great enthusiasm in the month of December.
Molokom-Yulo Festival of Bangnis
This annual festival is the most popular festival of the Bangnis celebrated in the Bangni month of ‘Lechar’ corresponding to English month of April. During the festival, the animals are sacrificed in the names of different gods and goddess for the welfare of the people. The celebration continues for five days with great joy and devotion and with unbounded enthusiasm.
Solung Festival of Adis
The Solung, a summer festival of the Adis, celebrated in June/July for nine days. It is performed after the sowing of seeds and transplantation of young paddies and is meant to propitiate kine-nane (goddess of corns) seeking bumper crops as well as good harvest. In this celebration, people involve themselves in feast and merriment all through the festival in the dancing ground to enjoy the Ponung songs and dances.
Maiku-Sun Phai Festival of Khamptis
This festival falls on the ‘Falguna Purnima’ i.e. in March according to the Assamese calendar. Maiku-Sum Phai which in Khampti menas putting of wooden stacks into fire. The young boy’s of the villages starts preparation of the ceremony a month ahead by collection of woods from the jungle. There is a particular tree known as ‘MAKI’ or ‘MAI MAI’, which they select for the construction of the structure.
Mopin Festival of Galos
The Mopin festival is an important festival of Adis mainly of Galo community of Arunachal Pradesh. It is celebrated in the month of Luki/Lumi (March/April) in every year. It is celebrated with much gaiety for wealth, good health and universal happiness. Smearing rice powder on each other’s faces makes the beginning of this festival. It is celebrated for 3 (three) days in the month of April.
Yulu Festival of Tagins
The festival starts with appeasement of deities for their peace and prosperity and welfare of the people. In this ceremony, the able-bodied men in their full warrior’s dress dance in a circle, one behind another with walking steps and slight flexing of knees, brandishing with their swords and spears in the air.
DANCES OF ARUNACHAL
The dances of the people of Arunachal express their joy, love, gratitude and emotions. Dances form a vital element in the zest and joy of living of the tribal people. Most of the traditional dances are performed adorn with best traditional costumes, decorated spears and daos and multicoloured beads and ornaments. The dances performed by the tribes can be broadly divided into four groups: Ritual, Festive, Recreational and Pantomime.
Some of the important traditional dances are as follows.
NAME OF THE TRIBESNAME OF THE DANCES
AdiPonung, Taapu, Yakjong etc.
Adi-GaloAmi Henam, Tanu, Popir, Eme-relo, Boi-take, etc.
AkaNiechu dou, Dogoh dou
ApataniPaktu-Itu, Demindu etc.
Hill MiriBoyen or Kuba Tondore, Pojuh, Nitin, Ponung
KhamtiKakong Tokai, Kachang Aluwang, Ka-Fifai dance drama, Ka-Mukcho
KhambaTroh, Guru Chanji Pantomime, Padi or Sethoh Pantomime
KhowaGasisiu, Clown etc.
MijiDumai, Jei etc.
MishmiIdu, Ah-ih, Mesala, Digaru-Beeiya, Nuiya
MembaBroh dance, Bardo pantomime
MonpaYak, Lion & Peacock, Deer pantomime, Ajjlamu pantomime, Broh and other monastic dances
NishingRikhampada, Buiya, Juju-Jaja etc.
NocteLaku Bawang, Mang Buang, Ramvan boung etc.
SingphoManglup ceremony and dance
SherdukpenJam or Bardo, Yak pantomime, Jik Charm or Seeh pantomime, Brohpu etc.
TaginSi-Ome, Nibutamu dance etc.
ThangsaMoh festival dance, Sapoloso dance etc.
Ponung
The Ponung, a folk dance of the Adis is performed during the festival before harvesting, seeking a good harvest and welfare of the village community. Ponung is a women's dance in which young married women and girls take part.
Taapu
This is a war dance of the Adis based on the myth of a struggling life of Tani (man) for survival. His enemies who wanted to crush his supremacy once attacked Tani. But Gumin Soying, who was appointed as his guardian by his divine protectors, Doying Bote and Kiine Naane saved him from the peril.
Eme-Relo
This traditional folk dance belongs to the Adis Galos. It shows the action and movement of the rivers and its living things. This dance is popular among the womenfolk of the Adis of West Siang district. In this dance the Aba (legend) describes the creation of rivers and animal living in the water.
Yakjong
This is a children dance performed during the Aaran festival, the New Year festival of the Adis. To welcome the New Year and spread the message, the children go round the village from house to house collecting rice, meat etc. for feast after the festival. Whoever welcomes the Yakjong group dancers were blessed for bumper crops.
Beesu-Naayi
It is a unique dance resembling monkey dance. The dance is based on a mythological form resembling that there were four brothers -Niinur Bote (a blacksmith), Robo (an evil spirit), Tani (man) and Beesung (monkey) sons of pedong Naane. There was great secret enmity between the brothers, where Beesung killed Niinur Bote secretly with an arrow on instigation from Robo.
Kacheng Aluwang
This traditional dance is performed by the Khamptis of Lohit district. It usually performed during the time of various festivals, this dance depicts their traditional way of receiving a guest.
Kakong Tokai
This dance belongs to the Khamptis of Lohit district. It is generally performed to hail the guests and VIPs on various occasions and festivals. This dance depicts Cock fight.
Nechi Dau
This happy dance is performed by the Aka youths of West Kameng. They sing and dance collectively glorifying the beauty of flowers and omnipotence of the creator.
Pakhu Itu
This dance is performed by the Apatanis of the scenic Ziro plateau. They believe that the wife of their forefather “Abotani” gifted their first paddy seedlings to them. They also believe that the sown seedlings were in danger of being eaten by the three birds Pakku, Parii and Pagi Yaru.
Daminda
This artistic dance belongs to the Apatanis. It is performed during the Dree festival to celebrate the beginning of rice planting season when the people pray for a good harvest and protection from natural calamities.
Si-Ome
This popular folk dance is belongs to the Tagins of Upper Subabsiri district. It is generally performed by the women folk during their Si-Donyi festival. The song accompanied by the dance is a prayer to the goddess for bountiful crops.
Rikhampada
This is a medley of dances and songs collectively performed by one of the largest tribes, the Nishes of Lower Sunansiri district during their main Nyokum festival. It is said that their migrated forefathers “Abotani” introduced this dance. The songs and dances are performed to honour various gods. Some songs are in form of ballads depicting legends of love, which were performed by women traditionally to please their husbands.
Ajhi Lhamu
It is popular folk dance among the Monaps and Sherdukpens of Tawang and West Kameng districts. Through this dance the Tibetan version of Ramayana has been depicted. There are five characters in this dance each having a mythological origin. They are Jalee, the Chief protagonist, Nyapo the antagonist, Nyarok and two other female characters Lhamu and Lhumu. Lhamu was the fairy from heaven who later became the queen of Jalee.
Monpa Dance
The dance belongs to the Monpa of West Kameng district. It is performed during the New Year festival Losar to welcome the guests.
Lion and Peacock
This dance belongs to Monaps. The lion dance symbolizes that prosperity comes when there is complete harmony and cooperation between all living things on the earth. It depicts the unique friendship between a saint meditating in the mountains and the snow lions and peacocks whom keeps him company and nourishment.
Yak Dance
It is a popular dance of the Buddhist tribes, more particularly the Monpas and Sherdupen. The Mask dancers represented the members of a family who has supposed to discover the Yak, with the help of a magical bird. The Yak is looked upon as the provider of permanent source of wealth and prosperity.
ASSAM
Перезаправляемые картриджи для Epson PRO 7900 скачать шаблоны joomla 3.0 Assam is the heartland of Northeast India. Nestled with scenic beauty and enchanting hills, the legendary ‘Pragjyotishpur’ it’s the Gateway to Northeast. Hilly Assam is a land of sensuousness, the hills emerging from the heart of Assam is like a chorus of silent hymns and rose up to the sky like a crescendo of music, the sportive clouds play around the cliffs like gleeful children. The summer rain drenched the hills and spread an unfathomable mystery. Exotic wildlife haunts the jungle of night and plays and howls around the sleepy village that dots the luxuriant green. It is the most populous and second largest State in the far-flung region.
Guwahti, it is standing on either banks of the Brahmaputra, “the City of Eastern Light”, is a bustling, busy and crowded city. The term ‘Guwahati’ consists of two words, ‘Guwa’ meaning area nut and ‘hat’ meaning market or market for area nuts. Guwahati has unique magical charm, perhaps, the magic of the demon King Narakasura who built the ancient city, still rings in the air. Or may be it emanates from the Nabagraha temple (Temple of Nine Planets). The small and serene villages sheltered lovely people, warm and fascinating and colorful as the land itself.
Assam situated between 90-96 degree East Longitude and 20-80 degree North Latitude, it is bounded on the north by Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh. Nagaland and Manipur in the east. Mizoram Tripura, Bangladesh and Meghalaya in the south and south-west, and West Bengal to its west. Assam dwells in different moods at different points of time, with an Altitude of 55 meters, and invites Tourists to come and enjoy a fantasy filled holiday in this mystical city, because each place of the state has something celestial and amazing to offer. Some people call it a Magic Land. The people are kind, helpful and hospitable, the state is rich in culture and colorful festivals.
Assam is a vast state comprising of 23 districts, 48 sub-divisions, and an area of 78,438 Sq km with a thick population.
Physiographic
Assam can be divided into two important physical regions the Brahmaputra Valley and the Barak valley. Assam is dominated by the Brahmaputra River. The total length of the river Brahmaputra from the source to the sea is 2, 900 km.
TOURIST ATTRACTIONS
Guwahati - Kaziranga - Sibsagar and Guwahati - Manas are two travel circuits promoted by the Central Government. The Kaziranga National Park is World famous for Rhinos and elephants. Another National Park is at Manas, and the third National Park is in the Nameri National Park (about 40 km north of Tezpur), which was inaugurated in November 1998. There is something reassuring in the warmth of a cut of Assam tea. It’s an invitation to the tea land. The lure, which the world of tea has for people not so acquainted with the gardens, has led to highlighting gardens as a tourist in itself.
District
Headquarters
Bongaigaon
Bongaigaon
Barpeta
Barpeta
Cachar
Silchar
Dhubri
Dhubri
Dibrugarh
Dibrugarh
Darrang
Mangaldoi
Dhemaji
Dhemaji
Goalpara
Goalpara
Golaghat
Golaghat
Jorhat
Jorhat
Hailakandi
Hailakandi
Kokrajhar
Kokrajhar
Karbi Anglong
Diphu
Karimganj
Karimganj
Kamrup
Guwahati
Lakhimpur
Lakhimpur
Morigaon
Morigaon
N. C. Hills
Half-long
Nagaon
Nagaon
Nalbari
Nalbari
Sonitpur
Tezpur
Sibsagar
Sibsagar
Tinsukia
Tinsukia
State Zoo: It is a beautiful landscape with a largely open-enclosure Zoo. Tigers including a white tiger, in a large enclosure with a protective tussocks of tiger grass, best seen from a high viewing bridge and the Assam’s emblem, the great one horned Indian rhinoceros. These two giant pachyderms their enclosure with cranes.
War Cemetery: It is located in Silpukhuri at the food of the Navagrah temple hill. A memorial raised as citation for the soldiers who died fighting during the Japan’s bid to enter India during World War II.
State Museum: The museum exhibits sculptures and bronzes which date to the 7th Century AD. Open to visitors from 10:a.m to 4:15 p.m. every day except Mondays.
Science Museum: It is open to visitors from 10: a.m to 6; p.m (all days). Sky observation through telescope 6: p.m to 7:p.m every Wednesday and Saturday if the sky remains clear.
Planetarium: It is added filler to Guwahati city in particular and the entire Northeast in general. One can enjoy light and sound shows from 11: a.m to 7: p.m except Mondays.
Gandhi Mandap: It is on the top of Sarania Hill in the midst of Guwahati. From here one can get bird eye view of Guwahati.
Sualkuchi: It is also known as the Manchester of Assam. Situated about 24 km from greater Guwahati, Sualkuchi is famous for hand-made silk products like Muga, Pat and Endi.
Saraighat Bridge: It is the first bridge over the river Brahmaputra. Other two bridges are Bhumaraguri Bridge, near Tezpur and Naranarayan Setu in Lower Assam.
Madan Kamdev: Barely 40 Kms away from the sprawling metropolis Guwahati, madan Kamdev is an enigmatic mystery, very little is known about the origin of this magnificent archeological ruins. Written history is almost silent on it, leaving wide room for conjectures and hypothesis. Kamrupa, the ancient name of Assam, believed to have derived its name from the legendary Love God Kama or Madan, who was reborn after being turned into ashes by an angry Shiva.
Hajo: 32 Kms from Guwahati, on the north bank of Brahmaputra is Hajo where three religions meet, Hinduism, Islam and Buddhism. It has many temples, the main one is the Hayagrib Madhab temple believed that this temple contains the relic of Lord Buddha. While a section of Buddhist hold that Lord Buddha attained Nirvana there. Large number of Budtias visits this temple every year during the winter season. There is also a Mosque built by Pir Giasuddin Aulia, it is also said that it has one fourth sanctity of Mecca and so it known as Poa Mecca.
Darrang: 81 Kms from Guwahati near Bhutan border, famous for Winter Mela here every year. The Bhutias traded woolen cloth, musk, horses and cows in exchange of salt, dry fish and cloth.
Batadwara: It is a birth place of the Vaishnava Monastery, shrine of Shri Madhab reformer of Assam, worth visiting.
Borail Hills: It is Offers an exciting trekking for nature lovers.
Jatinga: 9 Km from Halflong, famous for bird mystery, the migratory birds come during the months August to November and it becomes the ornithologist’s attraction. From the elevated watch tower one can see them yielding to their death wish and their little plumage dropping down, it is worth visiting.
Maibong: Located on the bank of the river Mahur and 47 Kms from Haflong, Maibong once flourished as the Capital of Dimasa, Kachari Kingdom. Stone house and temple of Kachari King can still be seen at Maibong, which is worth visiting.
Haflong: Up in the rugged terrains stands Assam’s only hill station, Haflong unsurpassed in sylvan beauty, is the Headquarter of North Cachar Hills District. A beautiful big lake “Haflong Lake” is located in the heart of the Haflong town. Haflong is 345 Kms away from Guwahati.
Umrangshu: This place is 224 Kms away from Guwahati, the biggest Hydel plant has come up under North East Electric Power Corporation (NEEPCO) with dams in the Kupli river, and there is a Hot spring (Garampani) near Umrangshu, the water in which they believed to have medicinal value.
Jorhat: The hub of Assam’s Tea Industry is surrounded by tea plantation. At the nearby world famous Tocklai Experimental Station, research is conducted in developing new varieties of tea and also in the therapeutic effects of green tea. The Regional Research Laboratory, Assam Agriculture University, Technical School and Industrial Institutes are also located here.
Tezpur: The city of Eternal Romance, is steeped in mythology, legend and folklore legends have it that the ancient Sonitpur (the old name of Tezpur) was the capital of the Kingdom of “Bana” of the Asura Dynasty, 180 Km from Guwahati, this town of great antiquity lies on the north bank of the mighty Brahmaputra amidst rolling hills known by various picturesque names, such as Debikut (the abode of the Goddess), Ushaban (the dusk forest), Kotibarsha (rainy town) and Banpur (forest land). Tezpur is famous for its temples, ancient ruins and monuments.
Sibsagar: It is the glory of the past and the capital of the mighty Ahoms, who ruled Assam for more than six hundred years till the advent of British. The town dedicated to Lord Shiva its name literally meaning the Ocean of remarkable landscape of the town is the 200 year old Sibsagar tank comprising 129 good acres.
Charaideo: It is the original capital of Ahom Kings, built by Sukapha the founder of the Ahom dynasty in 1253 A. D. it is 28 Km east of Sibsagar town.
Majuli Island: It is the largest island on the gigantic Brahmaputra and is famous for its “Sastaras” Monasteries. To reach Majuli, one has to drive from Jorhat to Neemati Ghat and journey by ferry from there, it is really worth visiting.
TEMPLES OF THE STATE
Kamakhya and Bhubaneswari Temple: the Sakti temple of mother Goddess Kamakhya situated on the top of Nilachal Hill is eight Km away from the railway staion of Guwahati. The greatest shrine of tantric Shaktism finds mention in the inscription of Allahabad pillar of Samudragupta. Devotees from all over India Converge on this holy place during Ambubachi and Manasha Puja. Interestingly, priests worship Goddess Durga for a period of 15 days without any idol. In 2001, they celebrated the puja for 45 days from September 11 to October 25 as the festival fell on a MAL AMAH (a month with two amabashya). They organize at least one PATHA sacrificial from the fund of Kamakhya Temple Trust daily. During Durga Puja, they sacrifice at least four buffaloes.
Umananda Temple: The great Shiva Temple situated on the peacock island in the middle of Brahmaputra in Guwahati attracts from all over the Country during Shiva Ratri.
Da Parbatia: A tiny hamlet, 6 Km west of Tezpur is known for the oldest relic found in Assam where a stone door dating back to the Gupta era around the 5thCentury A.D. The ruins of the door frame of Da-Parbatia Temple, is perhaps the finest and the oldest specimen of sculpture or iconoclastic art in Assam. The door jambs having two goddess, Ganga and Yamuna with garlands in hands in artistic pose and elegance are decorated with beautiful ornamental foliage is worth a visit.
Sukleswar: The Janardan Temple on the Sukleswar hillock is situated right in the heart of the city. Some people aver an image of Buddha is seen on the bank of the Brahmaputra at Sukleswar from its north bank. Once there was a assimilation of the Buddhist culture and Hindu culture, they say.
Navagraha: It is a temple of nine planets and is situated in the east of Guwahati on the top of Chitrasala Hill. In ancient times, it was said to have been a great centre of study of astronomy and astrology. This is also one of the reasons why Guwahati is referred to as the Pragjotishpura or the city of Eastern Astrology.
Dargah of Ajan Pir: The dargah of Muslim saint Shah Aulia alias Ajan Fakir, who led a Muslim reform movement in Assam, is a revered place of pilgrimage for the Muslims and Hindus alike.
Shivadol: Constructed by Queen Madambika, wife of King Shiva Singha of Ahom dynasty, this temple is believed to be the tallest Shiva Temple in India. In this Temple, Lord Shiva is worshipped as the presiding deity. It is in the heart of the town Sibsagar. There is a huge tank of the same name where thousands of migratory birds are seen during winter.
Shakti Temple: The famous Shakti temple of mother Goddess Kamakhya on the Niclachal Hills, overlooking the town and the great river, this ancient Kamakhya temple represented the old architectural style of Assam, marks the legendary spot where the most procreative aspect of the mother Goddess fell to earth.
FAMOUS PARKS AND SANCTUARIES
Kaziranga National Park: It is located in Central Assam, lying along mighty Brahmaputra river, the only National Park in Assam. The park covers an area of 430 sq Km is the home of the great Indian one horned Rhinoceros (Unicorn’s). Formerly known and declared as the Game Sanctuary on November 10, 1916, but due to poaching which proves to be a major threat to extinction of these rare species. So, in 1950, the then senior Conservator of forest, Mr. P.D. Stracey, changed the term game into Wildlife Sanctuary. But the designation was again changed on February 11, 1974 into a National Park. The Park along the main highway between Jorhat and Guwahati, it easily visited, the open country makes wildlife viewing fairly easy like herds of barasingha and wild buffalo are to be seen in the marshes, the most ferocious bovine in the world, herds of elephants or wild boar is also sighted. The grasslands are raptor country and the crested serpent eagle, the pallas fishing eagle and grey headed fishing eagle can be seen circling over the marshes. The water bird variety includes swamp partridge, bar-headed goose, whistling teal, the Bengal florescent storks, herons and even pelicans, while Rhinos browse unconcernedly as the visitors pass by. Other wildlife’s are Indian bison, swamp deer, sambar, hog deer, sloth bear, tiger, leopard jungle cat, hog badger, capped langur, hoolock gibbon, jackal, hornbill, ibis, cormorant, egret etc. Located along the main highway, Kaziranga is easily accessible and the chance to see wild animals at such close quarters makes a visit to the park a very rewarding experience.
Manas Wildlife sanctuary: The only tiger project in Assam is one of India’s most magnificent wildlife sanctuary. Located in the foothills of the Bhutan hills, far from human habitation, is a world in itself. The Manas river flowing through the park demarcates the border between India and Bhutan. Situated on the bank of river Manas with the sub-Himalayas hills back drop, this sanctuary is known for its unique combination of world scenic charm and rare wealth of wildlife. The park has vast deciduous forests where the dense cover often cuts out the light. Its wet grasslands are the home of the rhino, water buffalo, elephant and tiger.
Rajiv Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary: It is at Orng harbours in Darang district. Most of the animals of Kaziranga national Park can be seen here. So, it is called the Kaziranga in miniature.
Nameri Sanctuary: Located near Bhalukpung which includes a 25 Km stretch of the Bharoli river, still preserves the white winged wood duck whose global population is believed to be less than 450.
Pabitora: A small wildlife sanctuary 60 Kms from Guwahati, situated on the border of Nagaon and Kamrup district. One can see rhino and deer.
Pabha or Milroy Sanctuary: Situated in Lakhimpur district, it covers an area of 49 sq km. It is a sanctuary created exclusively for the protection of the magnificent wild water buffalo of the State.
FESTIVAL OF ASSAM
The people of Assam probably nowhere in the world such a simple, courteous and peace loving tribes are found as in the Northeast Region of India. The Boro-Kacharis, Dimasas, Karbis, Mishimgs, Deoris, Lalungs and Rabhas, as they are known in different names for their unique features and rich cultural heritage, which have made Assam their abode from time immemorial. Scattered in the different part of the State, they are the aborigines of Assam.
Tribe
Festivals
Assamese
Bohag Bihu
Boro Kacharies
Baishagu
Mising
Lvigang
Deuri
Bishu
Rabha
Baikhu
Tiwas
Jon-Bil Mela
Dimasa
Shinjra
Tais
Me-Dam-Mefie
Karbis
Chomagkan & Rongker
Santal, Kol etc
Tusuparab
Zeme-North- Cachar Hills
Siami
Sonowals
Rangali Bihu
Bohag Bihu Festival of Assamese
The Bohag Bihu is one of the biggest festivals of Assam. It is celebrated with great joy and abundance by all Assamese people irrespective of caste, creed, religion, faith and belief. No other festival generates such enthusiasm and high spirits among all age-groups as the Bohag Bihu. That is, Bihu transcends all religious and class barriers, bringing people together in a free and uninhibited manner. In a word, it boosts social integration in Assam. Mostly woven round the theme of love, these Bihu songs are beautiful specimens of folk poetry to melodious music with swinging rhythm.
Boisagu Festival of Boro Kacharies
The whole period being given up to merry making, dancing and feasting. The boys play the long sip hung flute, drums in which the girls dance in bands and play the Jew’s harp and small cymbals.
Ligang Festival of Mising
On the first day, offering are made to their ancestors and a handful of Ahu paddy are sown in the field. After the ceremonial rituals, the boys and girls dance in a ring visiting every houses of the village. The dancing costumes and sounds of various instruments bring the attraction to the Liang festival.
Bishu Festival of Deuri
The formal ceremony begins by offering the prayers to Kundi - mama at the shrine. During the seven days of Bishu, young boys and girls dance in separate groups but later formed a group called Husari singing group. The regular feature of the dancing is accompanied by various instruments like drum, horn-pipe and bottle-gourd pipes.
Baiku Festival of Rabha
It is the main spring festival for fertility of the soil and the welfare of man and animals. The celebration begins with religious ballads describing the heroic past of the Rabhas follow by dance and songs. Certain traditional games like tug-of-war are the other features of this festival.
Jon-Bil Mela Festival of Tiwas
This is a localized traditional form of regional trade fair participated by many communities. This is a largest Job - Bil Mela of Tiwas (Lalung) last for three days in which trading, exhibition, dance and music and the community fishing are the main features.
Shinjra Festival of Dimasa
When the lab ours of Jhum cultivation are over and the harvest are gathered in, the Dimasa celebrate Shinjra festival with dance and songs follow by community feast and drink.
Tusuparab Festival of Santal, Kol etc.
It is commonly called the Tea - Garden festival celebrated by the conglomeration of tea garden communities to worship their folk-goddess. The young lads accompany the girls with various types of drums. The attractively dressed girls dance and sing going from house to house, and at the end enjoy the public feast.
Siami:
It is the harvesting festival observed by the Zeme Nagas of North Cachar Hills, organized by the Morung youths, like Bihu observed by the neighboring Dimasa Kachari. Holding grand feast with meats of hunted animals and birds with rice beer, dancing and singing are the main component of this festival, the earning of the morungs by doing physical labour are spent in this festival which continues generally for four days.
Rangali Bihu Festival of Sonowals
It the most important festival of the Sonowals which falls on April 14 to 15 and continues for a forth night, like other Assamese people, the Sonowals too considered the Rangali Bihu as their traditional community festival. Young boys and girls dances in separate groups along with beating of drums and pipes. Womenfolk prepared delicacies like Chira, Pitha etc.
Manipur
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Manipur became the 20th (Twentieth) State of the Indian Union in 1972. Nestling deep within a lush green corner of North East India is the wondrously beautiful little Sangrila called Manipur. Literally ‘Manipur’ means ‘Jeweled Land’. So, it is described as the ‘Jewel of India’, this little corner is a veritable paradise on earth where natural beauty has been extra generous in her beauty surrounded by green hills, an oval shape valley, and rich in art and her tradition has inspired descriptions such as the “Switzerland of the East” with its cascading rapids, tripping rivers, carpet of flowers, exotic blooms and lazy lakes. Manipuri’s kaleidoscopic landscape, unrivalled scenic beauty is the land of Polo’s birth. Manipur is not only gateway to the Northeastern Region, but also a fascinating destination and discernibly for tourists. Legends say that the discovery of Manipur is the result of the delight the Gods took in dancing, it is this remarkably bid that gives Manipur a unique identity of her own.
It shares the International boundary with Myanmar on the western and southern side. Manipur is a mosaic of traditions and cultural patterns, best represents by its dance forms.
Imphal the Capital of Manipur is a bustling minimetropolis situated at a height of 790 Meter above sea level, covers an area of 22327 Sq. Km. Manipur, one of the seven sisters, is situated between latitude 23.838 N and 25.688 N and longitude 93.038 E and 94.788 E. It has a total area of 22,356 Sq. Km inhabited by more than 18 lakhs of people belonging to different ethnic group. It has 502 Km long boarder with Nagaland on the North Assam on the West and Mizoram on the South West and South and 352 Kms long international border with Myanmar on the East and South - East. Manipur enjoys abundant natural scenery and offers the tourists a wide scope of selected breathtaking panorama.
The generally, the people of Manipur are classified under two main heads - the plains people and the hills men. The Plains people mean the Meities, living in the small valley located in the heart of the state. There are 29 recognised scheduled tribes in Manipur Hill People or tribals. Later on, some Muslims who are believed to be of Sylhet, Silchar and Chachar area came and settled in the Imphal valley with the Meities.
DISTRICT
HEADQUARTER
Bishnupur
Bishnupur
Chandel
Chandel
churachandpur
Churachandpur
Imphal East
Imphal
Imphal West
Imphal
Senapati
Senapati
Tamenglong
Tamenglong
Thoubal
Thoubal
Ukhrul
Ukhrul
TOURIST ATTRACTION
Manipur is often described as the Switzerland of the East. The places of tourist interest are - Imphal, the Capital City whose main attraction are the Shree Govindjee temple, the Ima Market or Khwauramband Bazar, the Shaheeb Minar, the War Ceremeteries, the Khonghampat Orchidarium, Zoological Gardens and Langthabat.
Shree Govindjee Temple: It is a historic Vaishnavite Centre, adjoining the Royal Palace of Manipuri’s former Maharajas. The Shree Govindjee Temple is a simple yet beautiful structure, twin domes, paved courtyard, and a large raised congregation hall for a perfect backdrop for priests who decent the steps, to accept offerings from devotees in the courtyard. The shrines of Krishna and Balaram and Jagannath flank the two sides of the presiding deity.
Ima Market or Khwauramband Bazar : It is a unique all women’s market, having 3000 ‘Imas’ or mothers who run the stalls, it is split into sections on either side of a road. Vegetables, household’s groceries etc. are sold on one side and exquisite handlooms, colourful shawls and other materials on the other side. Not far away is a street where beautiful wicker works and basketry are sold. Other smaller markets are Singjamei, Kongba, Lamlong, Kwakeithel, Heirangkhoithong, Tera keithel, Naorremthong etc.
Shaheed Minar: The tall Minar at Bir Tikendrajit Park, situated in the heart of the capital commemorates the indomitable spirit of the Meities and tribal martyrs who sacrificed their lives while fighting the British in 1891.
War Cemeteries: Commemorating the memories of the British and Indian soldiers who died and sacrificed their tomorrows in the Second World War, War Cemeteries are maintained by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Serene and well maintained with little stone markers and bronze plaques recording their anguish and sacrifice. Those who love peace and solace should visit these cemeteries situated at Imphal - Dimapur National Highway and the other on the Imphal - Ukhrul Road.
Khonghampat Orchidarium: The central Orchidarium is about 7 Km away from Imphal. It covers an area of 200 acres and houses over 110 rare varieties of orchids, which include a dozen endemic species. Manipur is lavishly endowed with varieties of indigenous orchids and the peak blooming season is April - May.
Zoological Garden: 6 Kms to the west of Imphal, at the foot of the pine growing hillocks at Iroisemba on the Imphal - kangchup Road. Graceful brow antlered Thiamin deer, one of the rarest dancing deer, one of the rarest species in the World, can be seen in these sylvan surroundings.
Langthabal: It stands on a unique hill featured Langthabal with relics of an old, historical palace, temples of architectural importance and ceremonial houses. It is about 8 Km down from Imphal on the Indo-Myanmar Road. Set among symmetrically planted jack fruit and pine trees, Langthabal offers a unique view of the Canchill and overlooks the campus of the Manipur University.
Phubala : It stands on the western fringe of the Loktak Lake to the south of Imphal. Phubala is a charming little resort, linked to the mainland by a narrow causeway. Boating and other water sports are being introduced here.
Bishnupur: This is a picturesque town situated at the foothills that roll down to valley, stands the single-celled, conical roofed temple of Vishnu, built up of peculiarly small bricks in the 15th Century. Bishnupur is also famous for its chiseled stoneware which is about 27 Km from Imphal on the Tiddim Road.
Kaina: This hillock is about 921 meters above sea level and a sacred place of the Hindus. Ras dance is performed there now and then. There is an interesting story on it. One night, Shree Govindajee appeared in the vision of his devotee, Shri. Jai Singh Maharaja )later known as Rajshree Bhagya Chandrs of Manipur) in his dream, and asked the saintly King to install in a temple an image of Shree Govindajee, on the likeness of what appeared in the dream. It was to be craved out of jackfruit tree which was then growing at Kaina.
State Museum: The Museum has a fairly good display of Manipuri’s tribal heritage and a collection of portraits of Manipuri’s former rulers. It is situated near the Polo ground.
Keibul Lamjao National Park: It is the only floating National Park in the World. It is the last natural habitat of Sangai. One can also see a large number of other animals and birds here. During the winter season different species of fowls and migratory birds are also seen in this park.
Moirang: It is about 45 Km from Impha. It has a special place in the history of the Indian Freedom Struggle. It was at Moirang.
FESTIVALS OF MANIPUR
TRIBE
FESTIVAL
Meities
Lai Haraoba, Yaosang, Heikhru Hitongba
Thangkhuls
Luira
Kabui
Gan-Ngai
Maring
Mela-Kap
Vaiphies
Thazinglam
Thadou
Chon
Manipur has a number of interesting festivals, some of which are particularly appealing to spectators. Manipur is a mosaic of traditions and cultural patterns.
Lai Haraoba Festival of Meities
Lai Haraoba a spring festival held in April - May is symbolized by a traditional, stylized and ritualistic dance performed for peace and prosperity. It is celebrated in honour of the forest deities collectively known as Umag Lai. Lai Haraoba is celebrated in honour of Thangjingalso, the most venerable deity, during the festival men and women dresses in traditional costumes.
Luira Festival of Thangkhuls
This is the main agriculture festival (February) of the year and its celebration spread over a period of about eleven days. It is celebrated to mark the sowing season, the village Chief sows some seeds which is a go-ahead signal for the rest of the villagers to sow their fields. During all these days, merry-making takes the form of eating, drinking, games, dancing and singing. Dancing and singing usually commence in the evening, tall bamboo and pine resin torches light up the grounds and the dancers dance round the fire.
Gan-Ngai Festival of Kabui
Famous festivals celebrate in winter which opens with Omen-taking ceremony, common feast dances and presentation of farewell gifts are performed.
Mela-Kap Festival of Maring
On this festival individual skill in arrow-shooting is displayed singing and dancing both are also organised followed by a community feast in the village.
Thazinglam Festival of Vaiphies
The most important traditional festival which is a dead festival today. This festival involving sacrifice of pigs and mithun was celebrated (feast of merit) for not less than five months for fame and honour.
Chon Festival of Thadou
This festival considered the most highly prized feast and only can be performed by those who have done the Sha-Ali (feast of merit) three times the performance of the chon gave the soul of that persons a paramount seat in mithikho and ensured internals happiness.
Yaosang Festival of Meities
Yaosang festival is considered to be one of the most popular and premier festival of Manipur. This festival celebrated for five days starting from the full moon day of Phalguna. Its enthusiasm and colourfulness dominates all the other festivals of the year.
This particular festival is also a blend of the Manipuri tradition and the Hindu festival of Dol Jatra.
Heikhru Hitongba Festival of Meities
Heikhru Hitongba a festival of joy, with little religious significance, this features a boat race between two groups of Meities along a 16 meters wide boat. Long narrow boats are used to accommodate a large number of rowers. Idols of Shree Govindaji (Krishna) are installed before the commencement of the race.
Meghalaya
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On January 21, 1972 Meghalaya becomes the 21st State of Indian Union. Meghalaya means the “Abode of clouds”. The word was adopted from Sanskrit for naming the State, as the areas were proverbially associated with clouds and rain. True to its name, for half the year, from April to September, rain-bearing clouds envelop the land. The hilltops are generally covered by dense but beautiful clouds making them almost inseparable and indistinguishable. She is also endowed with the World’s highest rainfall sites ‘Cherranpujee’ and ‘Mawsynram’. Shillong, the capital of Meghalaya, is known as the ‘Scotland of the East’.
On January 21 1972, former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi inaugurated Meghalaya as the 21st State of India. It was born with abundant love and goodwill through the historical North Eastern Areas (Reorganization Act, 1971). She got her Statehood comprising former Garo Hill District and United Khasi and Jaintia Hill District of former Assam. Meghalaya, where the clouds kiss the sun, is a small state bounded on the north and east by Assam State, on the South and west by Bangladesh. Meghalaya lies between 258 and 26.158 North Latitude and 89845 and 92847 East Longitude.
The total area of the State is 22,429 square Kilometer. They are predominantly inhabited by the Khasis, the Jaintias and the Garos. These tribal communities are descendants of very ancient people having traits and ethnic origins. The capital of Meghalaya is Shillong. The State is now divided into seven administrative districts, which are follows.
DISTRICT
HEADQUARTERS
East Khasi Hills District
Shillong
Ri Bhoi District
Nongpoh
West Khasi Hills District
Nongstoin
East Garo Hills District
Williamnagar
West Garo Hills District
Tura
South Garo Hills
Baghmara
Jaintia Hill
Jowai
IMPORTANT PLACES
Meghalaya is dotted with a number of lovely tourist spot where nature unveils herself in all her glory. Shillong, the capital city of the State, has a number of beautiful spots.
Wards Lake: One of the most popular spots and situated right in the heart of the city, this lake is named after William Ward, the then Chief Commissioner of Assam. Besides a garden and boating facilities there is a caferia which provides coffee and snacks. Adjacent to the lake there is a Botanical garden Botanical Garden & Botanical Museum.
Meghalaya State Museum: Another Center worth seeing, this museum exhibits the anthropological and cultural life of the people of Meghalaya. It is opened from 1000 hrs to 1600 hrs in summer and 100 hrs to 1600 hrs in winter. Opposite the museum is the All Saints Cathedral, one of the oldest Churches in Shillong.
Lady Hydari Park & Mini Zoo: This neat garden is named after the wife of Sir Akbar Hydari. A mini Zoo attached to it is an added amusement for children. Close to the Hydari Park is Crinoline falls overlooking the Crinoline Swimming Pool.
‘Weitdem (Sweet falls): It is a beautiful fall east of happy valley on the Umkhen stream. The area around the falls is most suitable for a day’s outing.
Shillong Peak: The 1960 meters high, Shillong Peak, 10 kms from the city is another fantastic tourist spot. The Peak has a very important legend as it is generally believed to be the abode of a powerful deity known as ‘U LEI-SHYLLONG’ meaning Shyllong god. It is said that ‘U LEI-SHYLLONG’ was responsible for the creation and the origin of the Khyrim and Syiemship. The Peak offers a magnificent view of the spreading township below. Standing on the Peak one can see on a clear day. Himalayan peaks as well as the plains of Bangladesh. In the evening the city lights below is like a planetarium in reverse position.
Iew Duh (Bara Bazar): Situated in the heart of Shillong City, ‘Iew Duh’ is a wonderful place for tourists in search of local colour. Pure honey, bows and arrows, handicrafts, hand woven shawls and a variety of Khasi and Jaintia delicacies.
Elephant Falls: 12 kms away on the Shillong-Cherrapunjee road lies the elephant falls. Mountain streams descend through successive falls set in dells of a fern-covered surrounding. A wooden bridge leads visitors to the falls and downs to the lowest pool.
Bishop & Bead on Falls: At a height of approximately 135 meters and 120 meters high, these two waterfalls can be seen from Nongkwar at Mawlai.
Shillong Golf Course: It is considered as one of the best in the Country, this 18-hole golf course also provides ample space for evening strollers and picnickers.
Archery Stakes: Evolved from an ancient tribal sport, the archery stakes run every day at Saw-furlong, Polo Ground. Archers from clubs belonging to the Khasi Archery Association fire 1500 arrows within four minutes at a cylindrical bamboo target. The arrows which stick in the target are then removed and counted and recounted in the presence of all the betters and spectators.
Umiam (Barapani): It lies 17 km away from Shillong and has been developed into a popular tourist Centre in the State. The introduction of water sports with facilities like sailing, water-skiing, water scooter etc. The Orchid Lake Resort, designed by the famous Architect Charles Correa and constructed amongst pine wood overlooks the lake.
Umiam Lake: By the side of the Guwahati-Shillong (GS) Road, it is 16 km away from Shillong. Umiam Lake is at present the biggest artificial lake in Meghalaya. It is a beautiful picnic spot and a favorite place for anglers. Orchid Lake Resort, a property of Meghalaya Tourism provides accommodation and water sports.
Sohra: 56 Kms from Shillong is noted for its heavy rainfall. It is 1,300 meters above sea-level. Sohra is set amid deep gorges and roaring waterfalls. No other place in India can offer such a variety-the monumental Nohsngithiang Falls (Mawsmai Falls), the epic Dain-thlen Falls and the romantic Nohkalikai Falls and the smaller ones streaking down every slope. Close by are a network of limestone caves between Sohra and Mawsmai, the ends of which have not yet been explored. Sohra also has some significance for being the first Presbyterian Church in the North east. The Ramakrishna Mission also has large establishment in this land of Khasi culture and literature. Its surrounding is also famous for its orange orchards and honey.
Mawsynram: 55 Km from Shillong is situated on the South West of Shillong by the side of Shillong-Mawphlang-Balat road. It closely rivals Sohra in annual rainfall. Its major attraction is a picturesque cave featuring a giant stalagmite in the shape of a natural Shivalinga, which is bathed the year round by water dropping from an overhanging stalactite shaped like a cow’s udder. This famous cavern is locally known as ‘Krem Mawjtmbuin’ a place of pilgrimage for Hindus and a natural wonder for sightseers.
Mawsynram Recently, the record of rainfall at Mawsynram has exceeded that of Cherranpujee. Its major attraction is a picturesque cave featuring giant stalagmite in the shape of a natural Shivalinga which the bathed year round by water dropping from an overhanging stalactite.
Peak as water catchments area and reserved Forest in 1982.
Cherranpujee: “The Wettest Spot on Earth” About 60 Km away from the Shillong. It is in the Northeastern part of India. Cherranpujee is located around 1300 meters above sea level. Cherranpujee is famous for being the heaviest rainfall area in the world and also entered Gunnies Book of World Records as the wettest place on the Earth because of regular and heavy rainfall.
THE CAVES OF MEGHALAYA
Meghalaya has more than 500 caves identified till date, of which around 147 have been partially or fully explored & mapped. Some of the important ones are:
Kotsati-Umlawan - The longest cave in the sub-continent with a surveyed length of 21.6 kms and has 22 cave entrances (both horizontal and vertical openings).
Synrang Pamlang - The second longest 14.2 kms and deepest vertical range 313 m.
FESTIVALS
Tribe Festivals
Khasi Nongkrem Pomblang Nongkrem
Jaintias Beh Deinkhlam
Garos Wangla
Lyngams Liniang
Pnar or Jaintia Ka Behdeinkhlam
Jaintia Ka Rongkhli
Khasi Ka Lukhmi
Khasi-Jaintia Ka Sajer Ka Raid Nonglyngdoh
Nongkrem Pomblang Nongkrem Festival of Khasis
Pomblang Nongkrem popularly known as the Nongkrem Dance is one of the most important festivals of the Khasis. It is a five day religious festival held annually at Smit about 11 Km from Shillong, the Headquarters of the Chief (Syiem) of Khyrim. This festival is celebrated as a thanksgiving to God Almighty for the good harvest and to pray for peace and prosperity.
Beh Deinkhlam Festival of Jaintias
This is the most important festival of the Jaintias and celebrated in July after the sowing is over. “Khlam” means ‘Plague or Pestilence’ and “behdein” means to drive away with sticks. It is very popular and colorful festival of the Jaintias were men only, young and old, take part in the in the dancing to the tune of drums and flute.
Wangla Festival of Jaintias
This is the biggest of all the festivals of the Garos performed in connection with the Jhum cultivation. It is usually held in October and sometimes synchronizes with the Durga Puja, but each village sets its own time and so there are two or three weeks during which Wangla is celebrated in one or two villages. After harvest, the annual dance of joy and thanksgiving commences. The occasion is initiated right in the field by simple but impressive ceremony known as “Rugala” which is followed by the ceremony of incense known as “Sasat Soa”.
Liniang Festival of Lyngams
This festival is celebrated to commensurate and honours the dead person. Early in the morning on the feast day, cows and bulls are slaughtered and cooked, meals and rice beer are served to all for the whole day. Flute player and drummers accompany the dancers who dance to the beat of the drums which is interrupted only for sipping the liquor that is made available to them abundantly.
Ka Rongkhli Festival of Jaintia
The most important festival of the War Jaintia and is performed at Nongtalang village of Meghalaya. Rong means festival and Khli means tiger which means Tiger festival. This festival is held whenever a tiger is killed accidentally or by the villagers on an organized hunting. In whatever manner the tiger is killed, God is to be worshipped and the festival is to be held. It is believed that if God is not worshipped, certain calamities or misfortunes like epidemic diseases, starvation, and blindness will befall on the people. The festival is usually held in the month of January, February or March after the harvesting work is over.
Ka Sajer Ka Raid Nonglyngdoh Festival of Khasi-Jaintia
A popular festival among the Bhoi of Khasi-Jaintia hills held in the month of December, January or February after the harvesting is done and before the sowing of seeds for the coming year. It is a religious celebration of the whole raid Nonglyngdoh connected with agriculture and cultivation rites of the people for the prosperity of crops.
Mizoram
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GLIMPSES OF MIZORAM
Mizoram literally means ‘the land of the Highlanders’. Mizoram became the 23 State o the Indian Union on 20th February 1987. It was one of the districts of Assam Till1972 when it became a Union Territory.
Mizoram is surrounded by Myanmar in the East and South and Bangladesh and Tripura State in the and West and the Assam and Manipur States in the North. Mizoram occupies an area of great strategic importance in the northeastern part of India. It has a total of 630 miles boundary with Myanmar and Bangladesh.
Mizoram has a variegated hilly terrain. The hills are steep and are separated by rivers, which flow either to the north or south creating gorges between the hill ranges. The highest peak in Mizoram is the ‘Phawngpui’ (Blue Mountain) with a height of 2210 meters. Mizoram has a pleasant climate. It is generally cool in summer. During winter the temperature varies from 11o C to 21o C and in the summer it varies between 20o C and 29o C. It Rains heavily from May to September. Winter in Mizoram is rain free and very pleasant. Mizoram has got great natural beauty and an endless variety of landscapes and is very rich in flora and fauna. They are filled with bamboo groves and wild plantains at the lower altitudes and dense trees with canes and creepers in the higher altitude. Mizorm has a high percentage of literacy rates i.e. highest in northeast and second in India. Mizoram covers an area of 21,087-sq.km.and its Capital is Aizawl. Administratively the State is divided into 8 districts, which are as follows.
DISTRICTS HEADQUATERS
Aizawl Aizawl
Lunglei Langlei
Saiha Saiha
Lawngtlai Lawngtlai
Serchhip Serchhip
Champhai Champhai
Kolasib Kolasib
HISTORICAL SITES
MANGKHALA LUNG (Memorial Stone of Mangkhaia)
The word ‘Lung means stone in the local language. MANGKHALA LUNG is a Memorial Stone erected in memories of the great Chief Mangkhaia.
LIANCHHIARI’S CLIFF (LIANCHHIARI LUNGLEN KHAM)
This famed cliff is situated 56 kms south of Champhati, at the western edge of the old site of Dungtlang village. Lianchhiari was the eldest daughter of Vanhnuaithanga, one of the very popular chiefs of Dungtlang village, noted for his large heart and paternal solicitude for his subjects.
HMAR HMUNHLUI
A water hole in this place is known as ‘Hmar Tuikhur’. It is also said that the early Hmar settlers in this place had used this ‘Tuikhur’. The people of Riangtlei, even today draw water from here.
TAN TLANG
About eight kilometers from Vaphai village on the Burma border of Mizoram stands the ‘Tan Tlang’ with its legendary fame.
SIKPUI LUNG
This flat huge stone lies on the hillside of Zote village, situated about seven kilometers from Champhai. Another stone erected near to it has a significant inscription, which reads “HE LUNG HI HMANLAI HRHO SIKPUI LUNG A NI TIN KEINI KUM 28.2.1918 A HIAN KAN AWM TA ZAHULA SAILO” means “This is the Sikpui stone of Hmars of the past and we occupied this place form 28.02.1918 ZAHULA SAILO.” This stone at Zote is the historical remains, which establish that the Sailo Chief Zahula on 28.02.1918 occupied the village.
SIBUTA LUNG
About twenty-two kilometers from Aizawl – Lunglei road stands a hung stone near Tachhip village. The stone is twelve feet high, perhaps the biggest stone seen in the whole of Mizoram and is known as ‘Sibuta Lung’ (stone). Unlike other stones this does not stand to commemorate any great deed of the Chief but to commemorate the cruel rule of the Chief named Sibuta.
KAWRLUNG TUK
Kawrlungtuk is situated about 2 kilometers from the present Zawngin village and Zawngin is about 10 kilometres from Phullen village. Zawngin village can be approached from Ratu via Vanbawng and it is about 40 kilometres from Ratu.
RALBILHA PUK
Ralbilha Puk is situated at Sialhawk just above the main roads on the way from Sialhawk to Biate. The cave measures five feet in height and is big enough for a group of five to six persons to live in it. As the cave could not be spotted easily from the nearby villages it was most convenient for those who bound for raiding the enemies. The cave is named after Ralbilha, leader of the group of Hlkha Pawi heroes who entered Biate to kill the Pawi Chief, Nikuala. After staying at Biate for some time Ralbilha and his men came to live in this cave. This period was in between 1880-1885
LUNGKULH
It is one of the most important historical site 5 km away from Zamuang village in the western part of Mizoram. The site is located deep into the wood of Forest Department wild/bid sanctuary.
CHANGSIL
Changsil place is situated on the river bank of Tlawng, at a distance of about 27 kilometers from Aizawl. Changsil hold a high esteem on account of its association with its historical event of Mizoram. Changsil is the place where the Mizo patriotic here named Khuangchere fought his last fight against the British colonization, and gave his life for the cause of Mizoram in 1890. The pioneer Christian Missionaries spent their first days of Mizoram at Changsil and started their mission work right from this place. Changsil is the first bazaar in Mizoram.
RIHDIL (RIH LAKE)
On the east of Champhai in the bordering areas of Burma stands a beautiful lake known as Rihdil. The Mizo hold it in a very high esteem on account of its connection with earlier belief of the Mizo. The size of the lake is approximately one kilometre long and 0.70kilometre s wide. The legendary association of the lake centers around the beliefs of Lushai that the spirit of all dead men pass through this lake before they reach the dead man’s village known as’ Mitthi Khua’.
MAJOR FESTIVALS OF THE MIZORAM
CHAPCHAR KUT: Chapchar Kut is usually observed some time in February or early March every year after completion of their most arduous task of jhum operation i.e. jungle cutting. This festival may also be called spring festival as it comes off during spring season.
MIMKUT: It is another festival observed in the month of September after the harvest of Maize. This festival is also called Mitthi Kut which means festival of the dead. In the past the celebration of this festival took place with fan-fare by drinking rice-beer, singing, dancing and feasting. Samples of the years harvest particularly vegetable crops are consecrated to the departed souls of the community. But with the advent of Christianity the festival is celebrated now in another way by the name of Thal Favang Kut.
PAWLKUT: It is a harvest festival, which came of some time in December or January when the harvest work of all the crops are over. In the past it was observed ad celebrated in a grand scale. With plenty of grains in the barn and all the labours of the year over, what a better time is thee than this to have a grand festival was the mood of the general people. This festival is now substituted by Christian festivals like Christmas and New Year.
Nagaland
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Nagaland situated of 1495 meters, kohima the Capital of the State is a pretty town which attracted world attention during the Second World War in the battle of Kohima. It was here that where the British forces halted the advance of the Japanese forces. The war cemetery in the heart of the town is a symbolic memorial of the supreme sacrifice made by the war heroes.
The State of Nagaland was formally inaugurated on December 1, 1963, by the then President, Late. Dr. Sarvapalli Radha Krishna, as the 16th State of the Indian Union. Nagaland lies approximately between 25.68 N and 27.48 N Latitude and between 93.208 E Longitudes situated in the extreme Northeast of the Country. Nagaland is bounded by Arunachal Pradesh in the North, Assam in the West, Manipur in the South and Burma (Myanmar) in the East.
Nagaland presenting the exquisite picturesque landscapes, the vibrantly colourful sunrise and sunset and lush. This State, predominantly a tribal State, is blessed with great valleys, meandering streams, high mountains, deep gorges and a rich variety of flora and fauna. It is only in Nagaland, that one can see the multi-colour spear, ceremonial daos, and bracelets worn by many as 15 groups of the Tibeto Burman tribes whose arms are colourful and varied as their dresses. The Nagas are wonderful musicians, singers and dancers, with a great sense of rhythm, which dominates traditional and contemporary music.
Chumukedima is the gateway where inner line permits are checked. For the adventurous and the intrepid Nagaland is an ideal place for trekking, rock climbing, jungle camping and offers limitless exploration possibilities in its lush and verdant rain forests which are also a treasure trove of plethora and medicinal plants.
The Nagas have a saying that dawn is the time when the clouds still sleep in the valleys. Come share in the gentle waking of the clouds in beautiful Nagaland.
DISTRICT
HEADQUARTERS
Kohima
Kohima
Mokokchung
Mokokchung
Dimapur
Chumukedima
Mon
Mon
Phek
Phek
Tuensang
Tuensang
Wokha
Wokha
Zunheboto
Zunheboto
Peren
Peren
Longleng
Longleng
Kiphere
Kiphere
INTERESTING PLACES OF NAGALAND
Dimapur: Situated at an altitude of 145 meters above sea level, it is the gateway of Nagaland. This fast developing town is also the commercial centre of the State, which connected with the main broad gauge railhead. Dimapur is the only Airport in Nagaland and the National Highway 39 passes through the heart of this commercial centre of the state. Kohima is just 74 Km from Dimapur, which covers in just two and half hours. Dimapur is derived from a Kachari word “Dimasa” after the river which flows through it.
Chumukedima: It is situated just above 14 Km from Dimapur on the National Highway No. 39. This place served as the first headquarters of the then Naga Hills District of Assam State under the British rule in early 19th century. The Department of Tourism, Nagaland is constructing a Tourist Village on the top of the hill. From this spot one can get a bird’s eye view of Dimapur and other surrounding places. The Tourist Village is at a distance of 8 Km from the National Highway. Few waterfalls are also located in this area which is an added attraction.
War Cemetery: The Kohima War cemetery was constructed in memory of the officers and men who made the supreme sacrifices during the World War II. On each grave there are beautiful epitaphs engraved in bronze. The is an inscription inside the memorial which reads:
HERE AROUND THE TENNIS COURT
OF THE DEPUTY COMMISSIONER
THE MAN WHO FOUGHT
IN THE BATTLE
KOHIMA
IN WHICH THEY AND THEIR COMRADES
FINALLY HALTED
OF INDIA
BY THE FORCES
OF JAPAN
IN APRIL 1944.
Another popular epitaph of this Cemetery is;
WHEN YOU GO HOME
TELL THEM OF US
AND SAY FOR YOUR TOMARROW
WE GAVE OUR TODAY
WE GAVE OUR TODAY.
State Museum, Kohima: The State Museum has a rare collection of artifacts in varied forms. One must see for getting an idea of the people’s lives.
Sales emporium: The Sales Emporium of Nagaland Government is in the heart of Kohima. It has the numbers of collection of Naga Handloom and handicrafts. There are also a number of private shops nearby where one can buy handloom items.
Cathedral: The Catholic Cathedral at Aradurah Hill is an important landmark in Kohima. IT IS THE LARGEST CATHEDRAL IN THE WHOLE NORTHEAST and quite and serene ambience is conducive for meditation and prayer. It has blend of the indigenous and moderns architectural styles.
Kohima Village: While entering this village, one can see a number of traditional wooden gates with the scimitar of horns of mithun. These motifs indicate the bravery and valour of the Angami - Nagas. In this village, one comes across wooden carvings looking like horns atop some houses. One can also see relics of stone erections here and there in front of the houses which are memorial symbols of the grand feasts offered by their ancestors.
The ruins of Medieval Kachari Kingdom: The ancient Kachari capital of Dimapur is one of the most important sites of megalithic culture. Most of the ruins appear to be contemporaries with the Kachari civilization. Established before the Ahom invasion in the 13th century AD. Besides the monolith, Dimapur contains other ruins of temples, embankments and tanks. The entrance gateway has been beautifully executed and is in good preservation till the present time. There are still scattered blocks of stone and brick pieces with various designs.
Intangki Wildlife Sanctuary: The Sanctuary lies at a distance of 37 Km from Dimapur, is an exotic sanctuary, Intangki is the home for hillock baboon, the only gibbon found in India. Other wildlife includes elephant, mithun, barking deer, goral, flying squirrel, wild dog, tiger and sloth bear, among the birds are kaleej and common pheasant, hornbill and black stroke. The sanctuary is under the preservation of Wildlife Sanctuary.
Triple Falls: The most breathtaking falls cascading milky white in captivating steps from a great height, is a cool getaway from Dimapur.
Zoological Park: It is built into a green hillside, this is a caged zoo of the old menagerie type with a very few open enclosures. A glimpse of the fauna of Nagaland is found here, the park is situated in Kohima. Visitors can see some rare species of animals and birds. Keen ornithologists might also want to see the Bltyhe’s Tragopan-a-rare species of pheasant found in Nagaland.
Khonoma Village: Its only 20 Km towards the west of Kohima, the village has its own traditions of valour and courage. History reveals that Khonoma provided protection to several villages in the good old days. The terraced fields which produce 20 types of paddy at different elevations present a beautiful view. The Khonoma gate tells the story of the British infiltration into Naga Hills.
Dzukou Valley: 25 Km from Kohima, at the elevation of 2,462 meters, this interesting valley, behind Japfu peak, appear like a mown lawn, watered by serpentine stream which becomes frozen winter. In summer, wild herbs sprout along the river banks and hundred species of flowers adorned the valley in varied colours. Rhododendrons ornament the hills surrounding the vale, come July and Dzukou blooms in colours. There are also interesting caves in the low hillocks that cluster inside the valley. This is one of the best trekking spot in the northeastern region.
Japfu Peak: It is situated at an altitude of 3048 meters above sea level, 15 Km south of Kohima, it is the second highest peak in Nagaland. It is ideally suited for trekking and scaling from November to March. The peak presents a panoramic view of the hills below, an excellent view of Kohima town and of distant, snow clad Himalayan peaks.
Molung Village: This village has the distinction of having the first American Baptist Mission established in Naga Hills in 1872 and the earliest Mission Building is still intact and well preserved in the village premises. An ancient LEECHI TREE, supposedly planted by Dr. E. W. Clark, the first American Missionary, still exists.
Shangnyu Village: It is one of the prominent villages in Mon district. There is a wonderful wooden monument measuring 8 feet in height and 12 feet in breath, believed to be constructed by heavenly angels. Carving of human beings and other creatures are engraved on this monument. Memorial stones are also found in front of the Angh’s palace.
Longtrok: Six stones are located at Chungliyimti 57 Km from Tuensang. According to Ao legend and beliefs, the first Ao ancestors had emerged from Longtrok (meaning six stones). This spot offers a beautiful view of the towns on hilltops scattered over the distance horizon.
Saramati Peak: Situated at an altitude of 3841 meters above sea level, it is the highest peak located at Kiphire in Tuensang district. It remains snow-capped throughout winter.
Mount Tiyi: It is situated at an altitude of 2969 meters above sea level. Trekking, rock climbing to the mountain top is an adventurous experience. Legend has it, that it is the abode of the departed souls. Local folklores said that there once existed an orchard which could be traced by the lucky ones only. Colourful Rhododendrons adorned the cliffs and the steep slopes. The Mountain peak offers a panoramic view of the valley down below.
Shilloi Lake: It is also known as the Lachem Lake lies on the lower slopes of the hills ranges running along the Myanmar border in Phek district. The lake has the shape of a footprint. The average depth of the lake is likely to be four meters. The lake is believed to be the abode of spirits, and woven eerie tales around it. Therefore, the lake is left untouched. The water is dark grey, perhaps because of the large amount of silt, adding to the mystery. Shilloi is about 300 Kms from Kohima.
Liphanyan Governor’s Camp: It lies on the foothills and its 43 Km from Dimapur and can be approach from Wokha. From here, Doyang can be seen flowing through hills and vales in a zigzag pattern. It is a splendid sight. It’s an ideal spot for rafting, angling, picnics and river camping. It is in Wokha District.
Doyang Hydro Project: It is located in Wokha district, and also a new addition to the tourist spots in the State of Nagaland. This dam is visible from many hilltop villages in the surrounding areas. Water spots can be introduced in this dam.
Borjan: It is near Naganimora, which is the only coalfield in Nagaland, founded by the East India Company.
Mount Totsu: Situated at an altitude of 1,250 meters above sea level, is an ideal place for rock climbing. Mount Totsu has many legends behind it. The mountain is also said to be guarded by a giant snake and a crab. There are small lakes and other water bodies at the foothill of the mountain. One of these lakes was the refuge of a legendry man called Nsanthung who lived off the fished of the lake, he also married the lady spirit of the lake, believed to be a kind hearted lady. She saves her husband from his enemies.
Ghosu Bird Sanctuary: Situated 8 Km from Zunheboto, this bird sanctuary is solely maintained by the village community. It is the habitat of more than twenty species of endangered birds, migratory birds can also be sighted from the month of June to September. Rampant habit of hunting and poaching in this area is strictly prohibited.
FESTIVALS
DISTRICT
TRIBE
FESTIVAL
PERIOD
Kohima
Angami
Sekernyi
February
Kohima
Rengma
Ngada
November-December
Kohima
Zeliang
Nga-Ngai
December
Kohima
Kuki
Mimkut
January
Phek
Chakhesang
Tsukhenyi
March - April
Phek
Pochury
Nazu
July - August
Mokokchung
Ao
Moatsu/Tsungremmong
May/August
Mon
Konyak
Aoling
April
Tuensang
Phom
Monyu
April
Tuensang
Khiamniungan
Tsukom
May
Tuensang
Chang
Nkyanyulum
July
Tuensang
Yimchunger
Metemneo
August
Tuensang
Sangtam
Amongmong
September
Wokha
Lotha
Tokhu-emong
November
Zuneheboto
Sumi
Tuluni
July
Peren
Zeliang
Hega
October
Longleng
Phom
Monyu
April
Kiphere
Pochury
Yemshe
October
Ngada Festival of Rengma
This annual festival is observed to offer ZU (Rice beer) to the spirits of the dead and to renew and consolidate friendship and relationship. All the villagers assemble in their traditional costumes and perform their cultural activities such as dance, traditional games and merry-making.
Sekrenyi Festival of Angami
The festival follows a circle of ritual and ceremony, such as “DZUSEVA” (touching the sleeping water) to assures them that all their ills and misfortunes have washed away by the purified well water. “THEKRAHIE” is the best part of the festival where the young people of the village sit together and sing traditional songs throughout the day
Terhunyi Festival of Chakhesang
Terhunyi is a very solemn festival which is celebrated after the harvest is brought home. Bountiful collection provides a chance to an ambitious rich man to throw a grand feast called “Feast of Merit” in order display his generosity and fellow-feeling as also to acquire a distinct status of respect in the society.
Moatsu Festival of Ao
Aos observe Moatsu after the sowing is done and the mother earth begins to show the sign of fertility. Parties of young and old wearing their colourful costumes sing songs and perform vigorous dances, merry making and fun.
Aoling Festival of Konyak
Aoling festival marks the end of winter and heralds New Year beginning with spring. The festival provides the manifestations of the rich cultural heritage of Konyak. During the Aoling, song parties are led by morung leaders.
Amongmong Festival of Sangtam
The main feature of the festival is the worship of the god of the house and the three cooking stones in the fire-place. In the evening all the villagers gather together in the open field and enjoy traditional games and sports. Wearing colourful costumes, sing songs and perform rhythmic dance.
Metemneo Festival of Yimchunger
Yimchunger celebrate Metemneo festival after the harvest of millet, it is also connected with praying for the souls of the departed ones. The main feature of the festival is songs and dances with the theme of victory over head-hunting.
Tsokum Festival of Khiamniungan
Tsokum is associated with harvesting. After the grain are collected and the farmer is satisfied with his labours. To share his pleasure with his friends, he holds feasts and enjoys life. The festival is something like an out door feast or picnic for a week. The villagers go to their fields and cook and feast there. The children in their gayful dresses roam in the harvested fields where they sing and dance.
Monyu Festival of Phom
Soon after the sowing season is over, Monyu festival is organize to marks the end of winter and the beginning of summer or rains. This is the time when new bamboo mugs replace the old and new clothes are woven. Villagers spent in community feasts, amusements, dance and music and devoted to social welfare.
Naknyulum Festival of Chang
Chang-Strong, hardly and handsome Chang celebrate Naknyulum festival to offer prayer for the dead ones. During this festival, they decorate their house with a special kind of tree called “Ngunam”.
Tokhu Emong Festival of Lotha
Tokhu Emong is the harvest festival. Friends are invited, mithuns are sacrificed, past rancors are forgotten and new ties are forged. Young boys and girls engaged during the year are happily married after Tokhu.
Tuluni Festival of Sema
The most important festival of Semas is Tuluni to offer prayers to Kitsaba-deity. Drinking rice-beer indispensably forms a part of the feast. Rice-beer is served in goblet made with the leaf of Plantain. This wine is calling “Tuluni”. This mid-year festival is the greatest and most fervent moment for the Sumi Community.
Yemshe Festival of Pochury
Yemshe is the festival of welcoming the new harvest and blessing which celebrate with great pomp and gaiety anticipating a good harvest. Dances of harmonious movements accompanied by songs of different tunes and beats are special attraction of this festival.
Hega Festival of Zeliang
The Hega festival is one of the most important and biggest festivals among Zeliang. It is a festival invoking the Almighty god to shower his blessing upon his people with richness, luck and coverage.
Sikkim
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Sikkim is a small hilly, 22nd State of the Indian Union. Sikkim was merged with the Indian Union on the 16th of May, 1975. Sikkim is situated in the eastern Himalayas between 275’ and 2810’ North Latitude and 88 – 58’ East Longitude and without a flat piece of ground of good size anywhere. The area of Sikkim is 7096 Sq. Kilometers. In its North lies the great stretches of the Tibetan plateau, to the West lies Kingdom of Nepal, to the East lies the Kingdom of Bhutan and the Chumbi valley of Tibet and to the South lies Darjeeling District of West Bengal. It is almost rectangular in shape, 105 Km long and 64 Km wide with altitude ranges varying from 300 to 8500 meters above sea level. The population of Sikkim as per 1991 and 2011 is 405505 and 540492 respectively.
Originally Sikkim was called “SUKHIM” which means “NEW HOUSE” in Limbu language, later it became Sikkim. The population of Sikkim is composed of mainly the three communities; the Bhutia, the Lepcha and the Nepali community. Most of the Bhutias residing in Sikkim are descendants of immigrants from Tibet, Bhutan who immigrated during the 17th century A.D and the Nepalis are the descendants of immigrates from Nepal who immigrated during the 18th Century.
The State is divided into four Districts and nine Sub-divisions:
I
The four Districts are;
(a)
East (Gangtok), situated above 5500’
(b)
West (Gyalshing), situated above 5200’
(c )
North (Mangan), situated above 1000’
(d)
South (Manchi), situated above 4600’
II
The nine Sub-divisions are;
(a)
Gangtok
(b)
Pakyonh
(c )
Rongli
(d)
Gyalshing
(e)
Soreng
(f)
Mangan
(g)
Chungthang
(h)
Namchi
(i)
Ravangla
The people of Sikkim celebrate festivals with full enthusiasm and dedication. Since, there are people from diverse religions in Sikkim, so they all have their own festivals to celebrate.
TRIBE/COMMUNITY
FESTIVAL
Nepalis
Bara Dasai (Durga Puja)
Nepalis
Tihar (Laxmi-Puja - Bhai Tika)
Lepchas
Pang Lhabsol
Buddhist/Nepalis
Saga Dawa
Nepalis/Hindu
Makar Sankrati
Buddhist
Lossong
Hindu/Nepalis
Janama Ashtami
Hindu/Nepalis
Guru Purnima (Byash Puja)
Buddhist
Lhabab Duchen / Kagyed Dance
Hindu/Nepalis
Ramnawami (Chaitay Dashai)
Lepcha
Namsung-Nambone
Hindu/Nepali
Basant-Panchami (Saraswati Puja
Hindu/Nepali
Maha Shiva Ratri
Limboo Nepali
Yuma-Sham-Manghim
Hindu/Nepali
Rishi Panchami
Hindu/Nepali
Haritalika Tiz
Hindu/Nepali
Hanuman Jayanti
Hindu/Nepali
Akchaya Tritiya
Hindus
Nag Panchami
Hindus
Raksha Bandhan (Rishi Tarpani or Sravani Purnima)
Khatriyas (Chettries)/
Nepali
Guru Puja
Hindus/Nepali
Ganesh Chatturthi
Lepchas
Tendong Lho Rum Faat
Hindu/Nepali
Surya- Chandra Grahan (Solar-Lunar Eclipse)
Hindu/Nepali
Baliraj and Deushi Bhiloo
Nepali
Newar (caste)
Tripura
Перезаправляемые картриджи для Epson PRO 7900 скачать шаблоны joomla 3.0 GLIMPSES OF TRIPURA Tripura is a land of transition; a satisfying compromise between the old order and the new; a fusion of styles and cultures of the hills and plains. Tripura became a Union Territory with effect from November 01, 1956 and a popular ministry was installed in Tripura on July 01, 1963. On January 21, 1972 Tripura became a full – fledged State of India.
Tripura, a picturesque hilly region, covers an area of 10,492 sq. kms. It was formerly known as Hill Tippera. Bangladesh surrounds it on the north, west south and southeast and the States of Assam and Mizoram on the east. The forests and the lakes and above all its flora and fauna make the State a scenic beauty. Agartala is the Capital of Tripura.
Administratively the State is divided into four districts, which are as follows:
DISTRICTS
HEADQUARTERS
Dhalai
Ambassa
North Tripura
Kailashahar
South Tripura
Udaipura
West Tripura
Agartala
Tripura has a pleasant climate and the best season is September to March. Its temperature in summer varies from 36.2o C to 20.5o C and in winter it varies between 27.1oC and 4.1oC. It has a rainy season from June to August.
IMPORTANT PLACES OF TRIPURA TRIPURA SUNDARI TEMPLE The Temple of Tripura Sundari, considered to be one of the 51 pithas ofHindu pilgrims consists of square type sanctumof the typical and stands on a hillock at Udaipur.It is located at a distance of 58 kmsfrom Agartala and 3kms fromUdaipur which is the district Head-Quarter of the South Tripura district. KALI TEMPLE The Kali Temple of Kasba also Known as kasba Kali Bari is about 27kms from Agartala and is situated on a hillock over looking a wide pool of water called Kamela Sagar. The image of the Goddess resembles that of Dasabhuja Durga or Mahishasurmardini. Made up of sand stone, the goddess is worshipped in the temple as Kali and and the presence of a Shivalinga at its feet has led to the naming of the temple as Kalibari.
BENUBAN BIHAR This Buddhist temple in Agartala bears testimony to the fact that from the years of yore Tripura has been extending hospitality and patronage to the religion and cultures its neighbours. The quit temple and the monastery on the picturesque setting is indeed an attraction to the visiting Tourist.
CHATURDASHA DEVTA TEMPLE It is located about 14 kms away from Agartala at old Agartala. The Chaturdasha Devata Temple of old Agartala goes back not to a very remote past, but from the historical point of view, it has a special importance.
JAGANNATH TEMPLE Besides several temples of Vishnu, temples belonging to Siva and Sakta cult have been found at Udaipur. Hari Temple on the bank of Jagannath Dighi, the Jhulan Temple, the Durga Temple and Vishnu Temple date back to the 17th century A.D.
MONUMENTS & TOURIST SPOTS Rich in floral and fauna the legendary State of Tripura claims a prominent place in North India for her natural beauty, for the people with their rich culture and for the old monuments.
UJJAYANTA PALACE Ujjayanta Palace, the famous royal house which stands at the heart of the city within a compound covering an area of one sq. kms was build by Maharaja Radhakishore Manikya in 1901. This palace is set with the huge Mughal style gardens, beautiful pools and fountains, Manifcent tiled floors, curved woodenceiling and beautiful crafted doors.
KUNJABAN PALACE A picturesque hillock known as Kunjaban for its scenic beauty stands to the north of Agartala town with tracts of some hillock. It may be interesting to add that Poet Rabindranath Tagore stayed in the eastern apartment of this palace during his 7th and last visit in 1926.
MALANCHABASH The Bungalow adjacent to the Kunjaban palace situated on a hillock was originally a kaccha house where rabindranath Tagore stayed during his visit in 1919. The pucca construction was subsequently built which assumed the name of Malanchabash.
ROYAL PALACE AT OLD AGARTALA It was the capital town of tripura since the time of Maharaja Krishna Manikya who had shifted the capital from Udaipur to old Agartala in the face of his continued fight with Shamsher Gazi who attacked Udaipur in 1784. It continued to be the capital of Maharajas till it was shifted to Agartala by Maharaja Krishna Manikya who ascanted the throne in1830.
NEERMAHAL It is about 55km. Away from Agartala. This palace was constructed as a summer resort in 1930 by late Maharaja Birbikram kishore Manikya Bahadur in the middle of a natural lake called Rudrasagar having an area of 5.35 Sq. km. The constructed was undertaken by Martin & burn Co. and it is the only lake palace in the entire eastern India.
DEVTAMURA Devatamura is situatedon the bank of river Gomati between Udaipur and Amarpur. It is about 75 kms away from Agartala and is also known as peak of gods.There are numerous rock cut images on vertical walls on the bank of river Gomati. This is also called Chabinmura. There are huge carved images of Shiva, Ganesha, Vishnu, Kartika, Mahisastur Mardini Durga and other gods and goddesses. These images data back to 15th- 16th centuries.
PILAK Pilak is about 100kms fromAgartala in South Tripura District. A large number of stone images and terra-cotta plaques dating back to 8th-9th centuries have been found here during excavation. Beautiful images scattered in an area of about 10sq. kms have been found around this area.
UNOKOTI Tripur has beautiful rock cut carvings and stone images at Unakoti, Devtamura and Pilak. Most of these carvings are huge in size and made on vertical walls exposed to the open atmosphere.
The ancient hilly places of piligrams, Unakoti, which means one less than a crore, is situated at a distance of 10kms from Kailashar, District Head Quarter of North Tripura and about 175kms from Agartala.
FESTIVALS OF TRIPURA Some of the major festivals of the Tripura are as fallows:
Tribe Festivals
Tripuri Kharchi, Garia, Ker, Unakoti, Tirthamukh Mela, Hari Buisu/Maha
BuisuTuima, Matai Kwtor/Matin, Hanggrai.
Reang Tuibuma puja, Garia puja, Ker puja, Baisi (Boisu), Maikhlummo,
Hanggrai
Noatia Lampra puja, Tuima puja, Ker, Garia
Jamatia Rondak puja, Naksu Matai puja, Garia, Lamprapuja
Uchoi Rantak, Ker, Ganga, Naksumatai
Chakma Bizhu, Baisakhi Purnima, Thanmana, Burpara puja, Chumulung
Mog Owa, Sangrai, Byuhachakra
Garu Haba Chu Radda, Garia, Rangchugla, Wangala, Ker, Rangdik Mite
Halam Arthuknai, Tuima
Rupini Uasung Kibmun, Burachha moutai Samung, Lampra-na Roumun,
Thubnairog-Banirog, Randhak puja
Keipeng Arthianang, Buradevta puja
Koloi Taibusuyamani, Nakri puja, Mamita, Mailooma & Tuima, Garia,
Ker puja
Murasing Janmashtami, Doljatra, Rathjatra, Rashpurnima, Ekadashi, Jhulan
Jatra, Guru Purnima, Annakut, Akhaytritiya
Molsom Suprai, Sangrak, Asengoi
Bengali Durgotsav, Diwali, Rath Yatra, Vasant Panchami, Holi, Gajan
Muslim Id-ul-Fitr, Id-ul-Azha, Muharram
Manipuri Lai Haraauba
Other Festivals Brahmakunda, Mela, Dewali, Kasba Kali Puja
FESTIVALS OF TRIPURIS KHARCHI Kharchi is one of the popular festivals of Tripuris. However, given the participation of people transcending community and place it has universal character. It is also said to have been influenced by the Brahmanical Hindus. The festival associated with the indigenous tribal deities is held in June-July at Old Agartala.
GARIA Garia puja festival begins on the last day of Chaitra. Lasting for seven consecutive days, it may be termed as the most popular and important festivals of Tripuris. Garia is the deity of benevolent spirit of household. The Tripuris believe that Garia gives wealth, livestock, peace and children. The worship of Garia is performed according to the instructions of the ‘Ochai’.
KER Ker is another important festival of Tripura. The worship was initiated by the Tripuri kings years back. In this festival deities of the Tripuris are worshipped on Tuesday or Saturday, two weeks after the Kharchi Puja. Indigenous religious rites are maintained during this festival when ‘Chantai’ or the chief priest becomes the supreme authority empowered to punish anybody even the king if he violates any of the set rules.
UNAKOTI It is a festival of Kharchi’s character. Though particularly Tripuris and Kakborok linguistic group perform the rituals, enthusiastic participation of the people of almost every creed and religion, tribes and non-tribes has made it a festival for all.
Hari Bisu/Maha Buisu This festival of Hari Buisu is one of the most important religious functions being observed by Tripuris from time immemorial on the closing day of Bengali calendar year (30th Chaitra). Maha Buisu is celebrated on the 1st day of Baisakh for welcoming the New Year for peace, prosperity and good crop.
Tuima Tuima (Goddess of water) is worshipped as a household function and also as a community festival. To worship this deity one he-goat or buffalo is sacrificed.
Matai Kwtor and Ma These deities are worshipped for prosperity and security of the village.
Hanggrai This is similar to Makar Sangkranti festival. People in general also participate at Dumboor Lake to pay homage to the goddess Tuiboma. It is also a community festival.
FESTIVALS OF REANG Tuibuma puja Tuibuma Puja is celebrated once a year. Tuibuma is the Goddess of water. This Goddess is worshipped individually as well as by the community. To propitiate Tuibuma, buffaloes or goats are sacrificed according to traditional rites.
Garia puja Like Tripuris, the Reangs also worship Garia for wealth, strength and for children. The time of worship is also same i.e. the last day of Chaitra and the puja continues for seven days.
Ker puja Ker is worshipped by the Reangs with the belief that it will protect the village from disease, epidemic and all sorts of natural calamities. The Reangs also perform Ker puja on a Tuesday or Saturday in the month of Phalgun-Chaitra of the Bengali calendar year. During Ker festival several deities like Mataikatar, Mataikatarma, Bhikitra Raja, Haichuma, Jampira, Kalpira, and Bailaori are worshipped.
Baisi (Boisu): This festival is similar to Boisu festival of Tripuris.
Maikhlummo After harvesting of Jhum, this festival is observed for wealth, prosperity and good luck.
Hanggrai This festival is celebrated by the Reangs on Poush Sangkranti to worship their house deities.
FESTIVALS OF NOATIA
Lampra puja The purpose of Lampra puja is analogous to the other tribes of Tripura. Akhatra and Bikbitra, the benevolent deities are worshipped regularly by the family whenever necessary.
Tuima puja The nature deity Tuima, the goddess of water is worshipped to look after the welfare of the members of individual household and the community.
Ker The Ker puja, most sacred and important for the Tribals of Tripura, is celebrated during the moth of Falgun-Chaitra of Bengali calendar year by the Noatias for the welfare of the villagers.
Garia The Noatias pay revere to Garia on the last day of Chaitra of Bengali calendar year which lasts for seven days. The community maintains a common code of system to construct the symbolic representation of the deity with the aid of the green bamboo-pole tied with a white thread of cotton and a richha around it.
FESTIVALS OF JAMATIA Rondak puja The deities of the Jamatias are generally associated with the land and agriculture. They believe Maylwngma and Khulwngma are the two deities who reside over paddy and cotton. The avert crisis of food and cloth these deities are worshipped. These deities have no specific form or shape. Two earthen pots are worshipped as the deities. These pots jointly known as Rondok are decorated with rice powder and vermillion. Garland of cotton thread are fastened to the pots before placing them in a house.
Naksu Matai puja According to an opinion, the Jamatias, along with other tribes of Tripura like to identify Nahchumatai as the goddess of snake. It is also identical with te vastue-deva of the Bengalis. Date of worship is Chaitra Sankranti, the last day of Chaitra. Ochai performs the worship by chopping a green bamboo into pieces before a square like symbol assumed as the deity.
Garia
Garia, a common festival for the Kakborok linguistic groups is also celebrated by the Jamatias. The purpose and embodiment of the deity and also the time of festival are also the same. The seven day festival begins on the last day of Chaitra, the last month of Bengali calendar year.
Lampra Puja
It is observed by the Jamatia community before any household puja or community festival.
FESTIVALS OF UCHOI Rantak Rantak of the Uchais can be compared witht e Laksmi Puja of the Bengalis and Mailungma of the Tripuris. The time of Rantak worship is the period after jhum harvest. The earthen pots are decorated with cotton thread and garland.
Ker Uchais celebrate Ker once a year. The place of worship is the house of headman or Chowdhury. Some rules are observed strictly during the puja. If anyone violates any of the ruels, he is punished in a way that he has to perform the puja again and all the expenditure has to be borne by him only.
Ganga It is a household worship. Ganga, the Goddess of water is worshipped in a temporary temple made of bamboo on the bank of the river for the welfare of the family. In earlier days, buffaloes, goats and boards used to be sacrificed. Nowadays sacrifice has lost its importance in the worship and the puja is performed without any animals sacrifice.
Naksu matai The Uchais believe that the deity of snake lives in their houses. To satisfy this deity, they perform Naksumatai. It is also believed that this deity should be worshipped to get relief from snakebite and other diseases.
FESTIVALS OF CHAKMA Bizhu Bizhu is the most important socio-religious festival of the Chakmas. This festival gave birth to the Bizhu dance. The Bizhu dance is an important part of this multi-faced festival.
Baisakhi Purnima “Baisakhi Purnima” means the full moon in the month of Baisakh. This day bears great significance as a religious occasion as Lord Buddha was born on a Baisakhi Purnima day.
Thanmana It is one of the most important worships of the Chakmas. Thanmana is celebrated twice a year in Jaistha and Magha of Bengali calendar year.
Burpara puja It is a household worship. It is performed in the month of Ashadh of Bengali calender year on the bank of a river to get relief from misfortune, diseases and attack of wild animals.
Chumulang Chumulang is worshipped at the community level after two or three years interval. It can be termed as a puja done to ensure sanctity and welfare of the family. Marriages ae also solemnized through this sacred worship.
Festivals of Mog The Mogs love to celebrate different festivals. Their day to day life is filled with colours of festivity.
Owa This festival is celebrated on the full moon day in the month of Ashwin of the Bengali calender year. The Mogs pay reverence to Lord Buddha through this festival. Men and women go to the Buddhist temples during day time and in the evening they release paper and toy boats in the river.
Sangrai This festival resembles the Holi or ‘Dol’ festival of the Hindus. It is celebrated towards the end of Chaitra of the Bengali calender year. Youngsters go out on the roads and spray water on each other. Mood of festivity climbs the top during this festival. This is also called Water Festival.
Byuhachakra This festival reminds of the line of battle described in the epic Mahabharata. Like that Byuhachakra is also a fort of riddlous passages made of bamboo fence. It has only two doors one for entry and the other for exit. In the middle and half way statues of Lord Buddha are placed so that the devotees while making their round of the Chakra can pray to the God.
Festivals of Garu Haba Chu Radda The general belief is that Haba Chu Radda or the deity of jhum should be satisfied, otherwise, god harvest is a rare possibility. Expecting good harvest the ‘Kamal’ (Priest) sacrifices seven hens in the name of Jhum deity.
Garia Like Hindus, Garus are also of the belief that the king of heaven, Indra may let out his wrath by inflicting thunder on the earth. To get rid of such a mischief the Garus perform Garia worship. Garia is worshipped every year by each family. The place of worship is jhum land where boar, hen etc. are sacrificed as a part of the worship. A feast is also given there.
Rangchugla Apart from Haba Chu Radda there is another goddess of jhum known as, Rangchugla who is worshipped in the house of the village headman. Hen, wine and lemon are the ingredients to be offered for this worship.
Wangala It is one of the main worships of the Garus. Falling in the month of Ashwin of the Bengali calender year, this worship continues for three days. House of the headman is the place to begin this worship where a grand feast is organized. Wine, boar and hen are required in this worship done to avert unseen misfortune or danger. Only after this puja is performed they can eat new crop. Though this worship is done in every household, the last rites are to be performed in the house of the headman only.
Ker Ker puja is performed for the welfare of the community. The expenditure of the puja is borne by the community. Many other rites resemble those of the Tripuris and other Kakborok linguistic groups. The worship is terminated by a grand feast, though young children and women cannot participate in it.
Rangdik Mite She is the goddess of household. She is believed to live in earthen pot in which rice is kept. Rangdik Mite is worshipped in the evening.
Festivals of Halam Arthuknai This deity-duo signifies Kartik and Ganesha of Brahmanism and Lampra and Bikhitra of the Tripuris.
Tuima The Goddess of water, Tuima is worshipped for peace, prosperity and success.
Festivals of Rupini Lampra-na Roumun Lampra’s another name is deity of Shukra (Moutai Kouthar). Lampra has three siblings (i) Sukundrai, (ii) Sukusing Mukusing, (iii) Aakhanj Bikhanj. They can cause disease and sorrow for men.
Thubnairog-Baniorog These deities belong to the malevolent folk and it can make men suffere from complex diseases. This twin has to be propitiated by offering food performing sacrifice of animals and birds.
Nakri puja This is another grand occasion for the Rupinis. In this multipurpose festival nature deities are worshipped. The symbolic image of Nakri is made of bamboo decorated with colourful colours.
Festivals of Keipeng Arthianang
This is such a worship associated with jhum cultivation. It is performed to ensure good harvest. There is no fixed date for celebration of this puja cum festival. But generally it is held after the harvest.
Buradevta puja Another festival is Buradevta puja which is worshipped on the first dya of clearing jungle after selection of the tract for jhum cultivation. A fowl is sacrificed on this occasion.
Festivals of Koloi The religious cults of the Koloi, another sub-tribe of the Halam community are similar to those of the Tripuri and Reangs. Though Hinduism came to play a big role in their religious life, however, their traditional religious traits have not all vanished.
Taibusuyamani Water deity ‘Taibusuyamani’ is worshipped by the Kolois so that is protects them from all kinds of water related dangers. He-goat is sacrificed and undried rice and fruits are offered to please the deity. The time for worship is the month of Bhadra or Shravana of the Bengali calendar year every year. During the puja the Awchai makes a symbolical image of the deity with green bamboo poles.
Nakri puja Nakri is the deity worshipped to avert evil influences. The Awchai performs the worship by planting a bamboo pole on the ground and offerings are made in front of this pole. Two fowls and a duck are sacrificed in the worship.
Mamita Mamita puja is held to propitiate the deity sangrama who has the power behind the birth of a child. He is also believed to increase wealth and prosperity. Ducks, he-goats, pigeon, fowls and pigs are sacrificed while the Awchai chants mantras to perform the puja. Each member of the family also needs to sacrifice something. The worship is held in day time when all the family members gather in front of the symbol of the deity after taking bath.
Mailooma & Tuima Mailooma and Tuima are worshipped in the month of Bhadra-Ashwin of the Bengal calendar year on the occasion of Maikatal Chamani (new rice eating ceremony). Besides, this festival is also observed in the month of Agrahayana after reaping gets over. Mailooma is worshipped in the house, while Tuima is worshipped in the water, sacrificing he-goats and fowls by the Awchai.
Garia Green bamboo is used to make the symbol of Garia. The Awchai chants mantras to perform the worship. He-goats, fowls, pigeons and eggs are offered to the deity. The ritual beginning on the last day of the month, Chaitra lasts seven days. They also carry the symbol of Garia from hosse to house.
Asengoi It is a malevolent male spirit. He is the deity of death. His influence causes death. The priest Awchai worships him in case of serious illness. Two hens or a pig is sacrificed to perform the worship.
Festivals of Bengalis
Durgotsav
The most popular festival of India, Durgotsav or Durga Puja, is celebrated mainly by the Hindus in Tripura. However, people irrespective of caste, creed or religion participate in the celebrations in Tripura.
Vasant Panchami This spring festival is performed to worship the goddess of learning and the youths wearing yellow and white clothes perform the puja in almost all schools, colleges and other institutions.
Festivals of Manipuris
Lai Haraoba
‘Lai’ means deity and ‘Haraauba’ means delight. Purpose of Lai iHaraauba festival is to satisfy the deity. This festival is an integral part of Manipuri traditional culture. It is celebrated in Baisakh-Jaistha (April-May) of Bengali calendar year in the Manipuri dominated areas.
Other Festivals Brahmakunda Mela Traditionally tribals and non-tribals of Tripura take a holy bath in a stream at Simma (West Tripura) which is recognized as a holy place in Tripura. Both the tribal and non-tribal devotees take bath in the stream and pay their homage to river Ganga. Tripuri (Debbarma and Noatia), Santhal, Orang, Munda and devotees from all communites of Tripura attend the festival.
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Monyu
April
Kiphere
Pochury
Yemshe
October
Ngada Festival of Rengma
This annual festival is observed to offer ZU (Rice beer) to the spirits of the dead and to renew and consolidate friendship and relationship. All the villagers assemble in their traditional costumes and perform their cultural activities such as dance, traditional games and merry-making.
Sekrenyi Festival of Angami
The festival follows a circle of ritual and ceremony, such as “DZUSEVA” (touching the sleeping water) to assures them that all their ills and misfortunes have washed away by the purified well water. “THEKRAHIE” is the best part of the festival where the young people of the village sit together and sing traditional songs throughout the day
Terhunyi Festival of Chakhesang
Terhunyi is a very solemn festival which is celebrated after the harvest is brought home. Bountiful collection provides a chance to an ambitious rich man to throw a grand feast called “Feast of Merit” in order display his generosity and fellow-feeling as also to acquire a distinct status of respect in the society.
Moatsu Festival of Ao
Aos observe Moatsu after the sowing is done and the mother earth begins to show the sign of fertility. Parties of young and old wearing their colourful costumes sing songs and perform vigorous dances, merry making and fun.
Aoling Festival of Konyak
Aoling festival marks the end of winter and heralds New Year beginning with spring. The festival provides the manifestations of the rich cultural heritage of Konyak. During the Aoling, song parties are led by morung leaders.
Amongmong Festival of Sangtam
The main feature of the festival is the worship of the god of the house and the three cooking stones in the fire-place. In the evening all the villagers gather together in the open field and enjoy traditional games and sports. Wearing colourful costumes, sing songs and perform rhythmic dance.
Metemneo Festival of Yimchunger
Yimchunger celebrate Metemneo festival after the harvest of millet, it is also connected with praying for the souls of the departed ones. The main feature of the festival is songs and dances with the theme of victory over head-hunting.
Tsokum Festival of Khiamniungan
Tsokum is associated with harvesting. After the grain are collected and the farmer is satisfied with his labours. To share his pleasure with his friends, he holds feasts and enjoys life. The festival is something like an out door feast or picnic for a week. The villagers go to their fields and cook and feast there. The children in their gayful dresses roam in the harvested fields where they sing and dance.
Monyu Festival of Phom
Soon after the sowing season is over, Monyu festival is organize to marks the end of winter and the beginning of summer or rains. This is the time when new bamboo mugs replace the old and new clothes are woven. Villagers spent in community feasts, amusements, dance and music and devoted to social welfare.
Naknyulum Festival of Chang
Chang-Strong, hardly and handsome Chang celebrate Naknyulum festival to offer prayer for the dead ones. During this festival, they decorate their house with a special kind of tree called “Ngunam”.
Tokhu Emong Festival of Lotha
Tokhu Emong is the harvest festival. Friends are invited, mithuns are sacrificed, past rancors are forgotten and new ties are forged. Young boys and girls engaged during the year are happily married after Tokhu.
Tuluni Festival of Sema
The most important festival of Semas is Tuluni to offer prayers to Kitsaba-deity. Drinking rice-beer indispensably forms a part of the feast. Rice-beer is served in goblet made with the leaf of Plantain. This wine is calling “Tuluni”. This mid-year festival is the greatest and most fervent moment for the Sumi Community.
Yemshe Festival of Pochury
Yemshe is the festival of welcoming the new harvest and blessing which celebrate with great pomp and gaiety anticipating a good harvest. Dances of harmonious movements accompanied by songs of different tunes and beats are special attraction of this festival.
Hega Festival of Zeliang
The Hega festival is one of the most important and biggest festivals among Zeliang. It is a festival invoking the Almighty god to shower his blessing upon his people with richness, luck and coverage.